FMTB W TEST BLOCK 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
When can heat injuries occur? - Answers -Heat injuries can occur anywhere at anytime
of the year.
Hypothalamus - Answers -Regulates body temperature from its center.
Normal body temperature - Answers -97.6-99.6 F
Largest component of the human body? - Answers -Body water
What percentage of body weight is body water? - Answers -45%-70%
Predisposing factors for heat injuries: - Answers -Fitness/BMI
Age
Medical conditions
Previous history
Skin trauma
Meds
Alcohol consumption
Inadequate clothing
Inadequate diet
Heat Cramps Cause - Answers -Mild dehydration, muscle fatigue, body water loss &
large sodium loss. Commonly happens in hot/warm climates & after prolonged physical
activity.
Heat cramps signs and symptoms - Answers -Muscle cramps and tenderness
Skin is usually moist, pale and warm
Core temp: normal or slightly elevated
Less frequent urination
Thirst
Fatigue
Dry mouth & mucous membranes
Increased heart rate & breathing
Confusion
Heat Cramps Treatment - Answers -Rest in cool environment
Prolonged stretching of affected muscles
Oral fluids & food containing sodium
heat cramps - Answers -Short term painful muscle contractions (calves & abdomen as
well as extremities)
, heat exhaustion - Answers -The MOST COMMON heat related disorder. A SYSTEMIC
REACTION to prolonged heat exposure, excessive heat strain & inadequate water.
heat exhaustion cause - Answers -Insufficient cardiac output. increased circulatory load
caused by competing blood flow, reduced plasma vol., moderate dehydration, & sweat
related depletion of water and salt.
heat exhaustion symptoms - Answers -!FRONTAL headache
Drowsiness
Decrease in urine output
Nausea
Vomiting
Anxiety
Most, pale, !clammy
!Orthostatic hypotension
!Rectal temp usually below 104 (not always reliable)
Irritability
Decreased coordination
Heat Exhaustion Treatment - Answers -MOVE to a cooler location
Loosen or remove clothing
Assess viral signs
Oral rehydration is preferred
IV fluid if patient is unable to consume by mouth
Active cooling, wetting head & torso w/ water and fanning
Heat stroke - Answers -Severe life threatening condition! A true medical emergency
Heat stroke cause - Answers -. Total FAILURE of thermoregulatory mechanism.
Excessive rise in body temp and secondary to severe dehydration
Heat stroke signs and symptoms - Answers -Elevated core temp of 104 F or greater
Unconsciousness
Disorientation
Confusion & changed in mental status
Weak rapid pulses
Cold hands and feet
Dysuria
Lethargy
Cyanotic lips
Hypotension
Classic heatstroke - Answers -Children, the elderly and sick patients
Exertional heat stroke - Answers -Typically seen in men 15-45
Poor physical fitness
When can heat injuries occur? - Answers -Heat injuries can occur anywhere at anytime
of the year.
Hypothalamus - Answers -Regulates body temperature from its center.
Normal body temperature - Answers -97.6-99.6 F
Largest component of the human body? - Answers -Body water
What percentage of body weight is body water? - Answers -45%-70%
Predisposing factors for heat injuries: - Answers -Fitness/BMI
Age
Medical conditions
Previous history
Skin trauma
Meds
Alcohol consumption
Inadequate clothing
Inadequate diet
Heat Cramps Cause - Answers -Mild dehydration, muscle fatigue, body water loss &
large sodium loss. Commonly happens in hot/warm climates & after prolonged physical
activity.
Heat cramps signs and symptoms - Answers -Muscle cramps and tenderness
Skin is usually moist, pale and warm
Core temp: normal or slightly elevated
Less frequent urination
Thirst
Fatigue
Dry mouth & mucous membranes
Increased heart rate & breathing
Confusion
Heat Cramps Treatment - Answers -Rest in cool environment
Prolonged stretching of affected muscles
Oral fluids & food containing sodium
heat cramps - Answers -Short term painful muscle contractions (calves & abdomen as
well as extremities)
, heat exhaustion - Answers -The MOST COMMON heat related disorder. A SYSTEMIC
REACTION to prolonged heat exposure, excessive heat strain & inadequate water.
heat exhaustion cause - Answers -Insufficient cardiac output. increased circulatory load
caused by competing blood flow, reduced plasma vol., moderate dehydration, & sweat
related depletion of water and salt.
heat exhaustion symptoms - Answers -!FRONTAL headache
Drowsiness
Decrease in urine output
Nausea
Vomiting
Anxiety
Most, pale, !clammy
!Orthostatic hypotension
!Rectal temp usually below 104 (not always reliable)
Irritability
Decreased coordination
Heat Exhaustion Treatment - Answers -MOVE to a cooler location
Loosen or remove clothing
Assess viral signs
Oral rehydration is preferred
IV fluid if patient is unable to consume by mouth
Active cooling, wetting head & torso w/ water and fanning
Heat stroke - Answers -Severe life threatening condition! A true medical emergency
Heat stroke cause - Answers -. Total FAILURE of thermoregulatory mechanism.
Excessive rise in body temp and secondary to severe dehydration
Heat stroke signs and symptoms - Answers -Elevated core temp of 104 F or greater
Unconsciousness
Disorientation
Confusion & changed in mental status
Weak rapid pulses
Cold hands and feet
Dysuria
Lethargy
Cyanotic lips
Hypotension
Classic heatstroke - Answers -Children, the elderly and sick patients
Exertional heat stroke - Answers -Typically seen in men 15-45
Poor physical fitness
