REAL LSAC QUESTIONS, 170+ SCORE
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Point of view - THE CORRECT ANSWER-1 pov: thesis passage
2 povs: antithesis passage
3 povs: synthesis passage
Author's role - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Is the author present or
absent?
Own opinion: author present
Other people or group's view: author absent
Arguments proposition - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Unit of assertion;
declarative statement. Every logical reasoning has at least one
preposition. Usually contains an argument.
Prop being supported: conclusion
Prop providing support: premises
Conclusion indicators - THE CORRECT ANSWER-This, therefore,
hence, so, as a result, consequently, it follows that, accordingly,
clearly, it is clear that
Premise indicators - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Since, because, for, after
all, given that, as, moreover, in addition
,Assumptions - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Something that must be true
in order for the conclusion to be proven by the premises
Logical validity - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Valid- the conclusion must
be true based on the premises.
Invalid- if the truth of the premises does not guarantee the
proof of the conclusion
Majority of lsat arguments are invalid
Contain at least one assumption
Conditional statements - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Absolute- asserts
concrete facts
Condition- hypothetical relationship, rather than a concrete
facts; usually of then statements
Valid inferences - THE CORRECT ANSWER-1. Valid affirmation-
affirming sufficient condition than necessary condition
2. Contrapositive- necessary for the condition to be true
Invalid inferences - THE CORRECT ANSWER-1. Fallacy of the converse-
when you converse the conditions
2. Fallacy of the inverse- negating both conditions
Conditional sufficient key words - THE CORRECT ANSWER-If, when,
whenever, all, any, each every
,Condition necessary key words - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Then, only,
only if, only when, needs, requires, must
Intro to ordering rules - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Blocks- indicated the
specific order of variables
Divisions- indicated two variables that cannot be beside each
other, less common than blocks
Options- indicates one space is restricted to two possible
variables, limits the space, not the variable. Can be pulled from
deductions made with other rules
Arches- restricts variable
Conditional rules- the truth of one condition guarantees the
other, always take the contrapositive
Thesis passages - THE CORRECT ANSWER-One point of view toward a
subject presents a lot of evidence supporting the thesis view.
Must properly identify the thesis view.
Thesis passages: thesis structure - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Present
author- the main point will be the authors view and primary
purpose will be what the author is trying to do and will lean
more towards advocacy.
Author absent- main point captures the entire passage and
primary purpose will be very neutral and neutral answers for
authors attitude questions
Logical force - THE CORRECT ANSWER-The measure of how strong a
proposition is. Small , easily-overlooked words frequently
communicate the logical force of a statement
, Modality - THE CORRECT ANSWER-The degree of necessity expressed
by a proposition. How certain it is that something will occur.
Weak modality - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Possibility, more than 0%
chance
Key words: may, could, might, can, occasionally
Moderate modality - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Likely, more than 50%
chance.
Key words: probably, likely, usually
Strong modality - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Necessity, 100% chance
Key words: will, must, definitely, always, is/are, necessarily,
do/does
Quantification - THE CORRECT ANSWER-The proportion of a group
that has a given property. How many things have a certain
quality?
Weak quantification - THE CORRECT ANSWER-At least one
Key words: some, a few, several, many, a significant number
Moderate qualification - THE CORRECT ANSWER-More than half
Key words: most, majority, over half
Strong quantification - THE CORRECT ANSWER-100%