PSYC121: Victoria University Of Wellington
Exam Study Guide
Impostor phenomenon - ANSWER A psychological pattern in which an individual doubts
their accomplishments and has a persistent internalized fear of being exposed as a
"fraud".
Mastery orientation - ANSWER Having the goal of learning and mastering the task
according to self-set standards. Learner is focused on developing new skills, improving,
and acquiring additional knowledge.
The big five personality traits - ANSWER Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion,
Agreeableness, Neuroticism
Phrenology - ANSWER Divination of the character based on the shape of the skull. By
measuring the contour of the skull, we can predict personality traits. Today recognized as
a pseudoscience.
Constitutional psychology - ANSWER Associates somatotype classifications with human
temperament types. Links personality to body types. Developed in the 1940's by William
Herbert Sheldon.
The three somatotypes - ANSWER Endomorph - (Slow moving, complacement. Lots of
body fat, lots of muscle, and gain weight easily.)
, Mesomorph - (Competitive, energetic. Athletic, solid, and strong. "Not overweight and
not underweight.")
Ectomorph - (Self-conscious, restrained. long and lean, with little body fat, and little
muscle. They have a hard time gaining weight.)
What does tabula rasa mean? - ANSWER Blank Slate - this is what John Locke (1690)
believed we are born with and we therefore use experience to gain knowledge.
Francis Galton - ANSWER The founder of eugenics, coining the term itself and the first to
use the phrase phrase "nature versus nurture". He was Charles Darwin's cousin.
Little Albert Experiment - ANSWER A controlled experiment showing empirical evidence
of classical conditioning in humans. The study also provides an example of stimulus
generalization.
Who conducted the Little Albert Experiment? - ANSWER John B. Watson
Who conducted the study on the Pygmalion Effect? - ANSWER Robert Rosenthal
Pygmalion effect - ANSWER The phenomenon whereby others' expectations of a target
person affect the target person's performance.
Hawthorne effect - ANSWER The alteration of behaviour by the subjects of a study due
to their awareness of being observed.
Exam Study Guide
Impostor phenomenon - ANSWER A psychological pattern in which an individual doubts
their accomplishments and has a persistent internalized fear of being exposed as a
"fraud".
Mastery orientation - ANSWER Having the goal of learning and mastering the task
according to self-set standards. Learner is focused on developing new skills, improving,
and acquiring additional knowledge.
The big five personality traits - ANSWER Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion,
Agreeableness, Neuroticism
Phrenology - ANSWER Divination of the character based on the shape of the skull. By
measuring the contour of the skull, we can predict personality traits. Today recognized as
a pseudoscience.
Constitutional psychology - ANSWER Associates somatotype classifications with human
temperament types. Links personality to body types. Developed in the 1940's by William
Herbert Sheldon.
The three somatotypes - ANSWER Endomorph - (Slow moving, complacement. Lots of
body fat, lots of muscle, and gain weight easily.)
, Mesomorph - (Competitive, energetic. Athletic, solid, and strong. "Not overweight and
not underweight.")
Ectomorph - (Self-conscious, restrained. long and lean, with little body fat, and little
muscle. They have a hard time gaining weight.)
What does tabula rasa mean? - ANSWER Blank Slate - this is what John Locke (1690)
believed we are born with and we therefore use experience to gain knowledge.
Francis Galton - ANSWER The founder of eugenics, coining the term itself and the first to
use the phrase phrase "nature versus nurture". He was Charles Darwin's cousin.
Little Albert Experiment - ANSWER A controlled experiment showing empirical evidence
of classical conditioning in humans. The study also provides an example of stimulus
generalization.
Who conducted the Little Albert Experiment? - ANSWER John B. Watson
Who conducted the study on the Pygmalion Effect? - ANSWER Robert Rosenthal
Pygmalion effect - ANSWER The phenomenon whereby others' expectations of a target
person affect the target person's performance.
Hawthorne effect - ANSWER The alteration of behaviour by the subjects of a study due
to their awareness of being observed.
