NURS 354 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
risk factors for the development of a UTI - Correct answer-female
diabetes
pregnancy
neurologic disorders
gout
altered mental states
immunosuppression
obstructed urinary flow (congenital abnormalities, etc)
catheterization
calculi
manifestations of a lower UTI - Correct answer-burning on urinary
urinary frequency (voiding more than every 3 hours)
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,urgency
nocturia
incontinence
suprapubic pain
hematuria
back pain
how is a lower UTI diagnosed? - Correct answer-urine culture (clean catch)
- bacteria found in urine
types of upper UTI - Correct answer-acute pyelonephritis
chronic pyelonephritis
how does acute pyelonephritis occur? - Correct answer-can be from a lower UTI
that spreads to kidneys
systemic infection that reaches kidneys via bloodstream
manifestations of upper UTI - Correct answer-chills
fever
leukocytosis
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,pyuria
lower back pain
flank pain*
nausea/vomiting
how is an upper UTI diagnosed? - Correct answer-ultrasound
CT scan
urine culture
gerontological considerations for UTI - Correct answer-immobility
low fluid intake/excessive loss
obstruction
poor hygiene
immune compromised
comorbidities
hormonal changes
neurogenic bladder
presentation of UTI in older population - Correct answer-burning, urgency, fever
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, confusion/delirium*
incontinence*
prevention of urinary calculi - Correct answer-8-10 eight ounce glasses of water
per day
- want to see 2L of output per day
avoid protein
limit sodium
avoid oxalate containing foods
one glass of cranberry juice per day
2 glasses of water at bedtime
- avoid concentrating urine overnight
avoid activities that increase sweating/dehydration
oxalate containing foods - Correct answer-spinach
strawberries
rhubarb
tea
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
risk factors for the development of a UTI - Correct answer-female
diabetes
pregnancy
neurologic disorders
gout
altered mental states
immunosuppression
obstructed urinary flow (congenital abnormalities, etc)
catheterization
calculi
manifestations of a lower UTI - Correct answer-burning on urinary
urinary frequency (voiding more than every 3 hours)
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,urgency
nocturia
incontinence
suprapubic pain
hematuria
back pain
how is a lower UTI diagnosed? - Correct answer-urine culture (clean catch)
- bacteria found in urine
types of upper UTI - Correct answer-acute pyelonephritis
chronic pyelonephritis
how does acute pyelonephritis occur? - Correct answer-can be from a lower UTI
that spreads to kidneys
systemic infection that reaches kidneys via bloodstream
manifestations of upper UTI - Correct answer-chills
fever
leukocytosis
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,pyuria
lower back pain
flank pain*
nausea/vomiting
how is an upper UTI diagnosed? - Correct answer-ultrasound
CT scan
urine culture
gerontological considerations for UTI - Correct answer-immobility
low fluid intake/excessive loss
obstruction
poor hygiene
immune compromised
comorbidities
hormonal changes
neurogenic bladder
presentation of UTI in older population - Correct answer-burning, urgency, fever
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, confusion/delirium*
incontinence*
prevention of urinary calculi - Correct answer-8-10 eight ounce glasses of water
per day
- want to see 2L of output per day
avoid protein
limit sodium
avoid oxalate containing foods
one glass of cranberry juice per day
2 glasses of water at bedtime
- avoid concentrating urine overnight
avoid activities that increase sweating/dehydration
oxalate containing foods - Correct answer-spinach
strawberries
rhubarb
tea
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
