PEDS FINAL EXAM NURS 4115 ACTUAL EXAM
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+
◉ Which of the following assessment findings is concerning for a 9-
month-old?
A. Cannot walk independently.
B. Cannot pull to stand.
C. Cannot ride a tricycle.
D. Cannot sit unsupported. Answer: D. (Cannot sit unsupported) is
correct.
-By 8 months, infants should be able to sit unsupported.
-Walk independently by 12-15 months
-Pulls to stand and cruises by 10 months
-Rides a tricycle by 36 months
◉ Many congenital heart defects ultimately result in...
A. Heart Failure and Chronic Cyanosis
B. Myocardial Infarction and Stroke
C. Angina and Hypertension
D. Developmental Delays and Growth Retardation.. Answer: A.
(Heart Failure and Chronic Cyanosis) is correct.
,- The other options listed are not incorrect (some CHDs can result in
developmental delays and growth retardation, for example).
However, option A is the MOST correct.
◉ Which of the following options describes the Foramen Ovale?
A. The opening at the base of the skull through which the brain stem
extends.
B. An opening between the Pulmonary Artery and Aorta.
C. An opening between the Left and Right Atria.
D. An opening in the septum between the two ventricles.. Answer: C.
(an opening between the Atria) is correct.
-This opening *should* close when the infant takes their first breath,
as the pressure increase in the LA forces closure.
◉ Which of the following options describes the Ductus Arteriosus?
A. The opening at the base of the skull through which the brain stem
extends.
B. An opening between the Pulmonary Artery and Aorta.
C. An opening between the Left and Right Atria.
D. An opening in the septum between the two ventricles.. Answer: B.
(An opening between the Pulmonary Artery and Aorta) is correct.
-Like the Foramen Ovale, this opening *should* close when the
infant takes their first breath and the pressure in the pulmonary
artery drops.
,-Failure to close leads to Patent Ductus Arteriousus, which is a heart
defect that leads to increases in pulmonary pressure.
◉ In Children, the apex of the heart is positioned differently and may
be found beneath...
A. 5th intercostal space, left midaxillary line.
B. 4th intercostal space, left midclavicular line.
C. 6th intercostal space, left midclavicular line.
D. 3rd intercostal space, midsternal line.. Answer: B is correct (4th
intercostal space, left midclavicular line.)
◉ When inspecting the appearance of an infant with a congenital
heart defect, what might you expect to see?. Answer: -Edema (often
appears in the face first)
-Cyanosis
-Edema of the lower extremities (characteristic of RV Heart Failure
in older children)
-Clubbing
-Cardiomegaly (AEB prominent chest wall)
-Fever (Endocarditis)
-Retractions + Nasal Flaring
-Dyspnea
-Engorged Neck Veins
, ◉ What Diagnostic Procedure is the DEFINITIVE study for infants
and children with cardiac disease?. Answer: -Cardiac Catheterization
◉ The nurse is performing education regarding cardiac
catheterization. Which of the following are potential complications
of cardiac catheterization? (SATA)
A. Retroperitoneal bleed.
B. Loss of pulse in extremity used for procedure.
C. Low-grade fever
D. Arrhythmia. Answer: A-D are all potential complications of
cardiac catheterization.
◉ Which of the following post-op nursing interventions is
CONTRAINDICATED after a femoral cardiac catheterization?
A. Maintain extremity in straight position for 4-8 hours.
B. Resume oral intake as tolerated.
C. Evaluate vital signs and neurovascular status q15 for the first
hour post-op.
D. Ambulate immediately post-procedure.. Answer: D. Ambulate
immediately post-procedure is contraindicated.
-The child should remain on bedrest with leg straight for 4-8 hours
post-op (the time varies based on facility policy).
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+
◉ Which of the following assessment findings is concerning for a 9-
month-old?
A. Cannot walk independently.
B. Cannot pull to stand.
C. Cannot ride a tricycle.
D. Cannot sit unsupported. Answer: D. (Cannot sit unsupported) is
correct.
-By 8 months, infants should be able to sit unsupported.
-Walk independently by 12-15 months
-Pulls to stand and cruises by 10 months
-Rides a tricycle by 36 months
◉ Many congenital heart defects ultimately result in...
A. Heart Failure and Chronic Cyanosis
B. Myocardial Infarction and Stroke
C. Angina and Hypertension
D. Developmental Delays and Growth Retardation.. Answer: A.
(Heart Failure and Chronic Cyanosis) is correct.
,- The other options listed are not incorrect (some CHDs can result in
developmental delays and growth retardation, for example).
However, option A is the MOST correct.
◉ Which of the following options describes the Foramen Ovale?
A. The opening at the base of the skull through which the brain stem
extends.
B. An opening between the Pulmonary Artery and Aorta.
C. An opening between the Left and Right Atria.
D. An opening in the septum between the two ventricles.. Answer: C.
(an opening between the Atria) is correct.
-This opening *should* close when the infant takes their first breath,
as the pressure increase in the LA forces closure.
◉ Which of the following options describes the Ductus Arteriosus?
A. The opening at the base of the skull through which the brain stem
extends.
B. An opening between the Pulmonary Artery and Aorta.
C. An opening between the Left and Right Atria.
D. An opening in the septum between the two ventricles.. Answer: B.
(An opening between the Pulmonary Artery and Aorta) is correct.
-Like the Foramen Ovale, this opening *should* close when the
infant takes their first breath and the pressure in the pulmonary
artery drops.
,-Failure to close leads to Patent Ductus Arteriousus, which is a heart
defect that leads to increases in pulmonary pressure.
◉ In Children, the apex of the heart is positioned differently and may
be found beneath...
A. 5th intercostal space, left midaxillary line.
B. 4th intercostal space, left midclavicular line.
C. 6th intercostal space, left midclavicular line.
D. 3rd intercostal space, midsternal line.. Answer: B is correct (4th
intercostal space, left midclavicular line.)
◉ When inspecting the appearance of an infant with a congenital
heart defect, what might you expect to see?. Answer: -Edema (often
appears in the face first)
-Cyanosis
-Edema of the lower extremities (characteristic of RV Heart Failure
in older children)
-Clubbing
-Cardiomegaly (AEB prominent chest wall)
-Fever (Endocarditis)
-Retractions + Nasal Flaring
-Dyspnea
-Engorged Neck Veins
, ◉ What Diagnostic Procedure is the DEFINITIVE study for infants
and children with cardiac disease?. Answer: -Cardiac Catheterization
◉ The nurse is performing education regarding cardiac
catheterization. Which of the following are potential complications
of cardiac catheterization? (SATA)
A. Retroperitoneal bleed.
B. Loss of pulse in extremity used for procedure.
C. Low-grade fever
D. Arrhythmia. Answer: A-D are all potential complications of
cardiac catheterization.
◉ Which of the following post-op nursing interventions is
CONTRAINDICATED after a femoral cardiac catheterization?
A. Maintain extremity in straight position for 4-8 hours.
B. Resume oral intake as tolerated.
C. Evaluate vital signs and neurovascular status q15 for the first
hour post-op.
D. Ambulate immediately post-procedure.. Answer: D. Ambulate
immediately post-procedure is contraindicated.
-The child should remain on bedrest with leg straight for 4-8 hours
post-op (the time varies based on facility policy).
