AC-HPAT Biology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8e3vy2
1. Pancreas and The pancreas is the organ that produces insulin, and it plays a major role in
Type 1 diabetes regulating blood glucose levels. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas does
not make enough or any insulin.
2. How does insulin Insulin pumps are small, computerized devices that mimic the way the human
work in diabetes? pancreas works by delivering small doses of short acting insulin continuously
(basal rate). The device also is used to deliver variable amounts of insulin when a
meal is eaten (bolus)
3. chemotherapy Chemotherapy is a drug treatment that uses powerful chemicals to kill fast-grow-
ing cells in your body. Chemotherapy is most often used to treat cancer, since
cancer cells grow and multiply much more quickly than most cells in the body.
It targets cells that grow and divide quickly, as cancer cells do. Unlike radiation
or surgery, which target specific areas, chemo can work throughout your body.
But it can also affect some fast-growing healthy cells, like those of the skin, hair,
intestines, and bone marrow.
4. How can stem Stem cell transplant replaces the leukemia cells in your bone marrow with new
cells be used ones that make blood. Your doctor can get the new stem cells from your own
in the treatment body or from a donor. Stem cell transplantation is effective against leukemia. In
of leukemia? And many cases, however, the transferred immune cells of the donor also attack the
how effective is recipients' healthy tissue—often with fatal consequences. ... Stem cell therapy
it? offers people suffering from leukemia or bone-marrow cancer the chance of full
recovery.
5. Why is Lasers are more precise than standard surgical tools (scalpels), so they do less
laser technolo- damage to normal tissues. As a result, patients usually have less pain, bleeding,
gy more effec- swelling, and scarring. With laser therapy, operations are usually shorter.
tive than conven-
tional surgery in
removing cancer-
ous tumours?
, AC-HPAT Biology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8e3vy2
6. Urinary system · The urinary system, also known as the renal system or urinary tract, consists of
the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of the urinary system
is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure,
control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH
7. Nanotechnology Nanotechnology can provide rapid and sensitive detection of cancer-related mol-
ecules, enabling scientists to detect molecular changes even when they occur only
in a small percentage of cells.
8. Mercury poison- The most common cause of mercury poisoning is from consuming too much
ing methyl mercury or organic mercury, which is linked to eating seafood. Small
amounts of mercury are present in everyday foods and products, which may not
affect your health. Too much mercury, however, can be poisonous. Mercury salts
affect primarily the gastrointestinal tract and the kidneys, and can cause severe
kidney damage; however, as they cannot cross the blood-brain barrier easily, these
salts inflict little neurological damage without continuous or heavy exposure.
9. How can ultra- UV rays may lead to macular degeneration, a leading cause of vision loss for older
violet light from Americans. UV rays, especially UV-B rays, may also cause some kinds of cataracts.
the sun affect the A cataract is a clouding of the eye's natural lens, the part of the eye that focuses
cells of the hu- the light we see.
man eye?
10. Macromolecules Macromolecules are large molecules composed of thousands of covalently con-
nected atoms. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are all macromol-
ecules. Macromolecules are formed by many monomers linking together, forming
a polymer.
11. passive transport Passive transport is a movement of ions and other atomic or molecular substances
across cell membranes without need of energy input. Unlike active transport, it
does not require an input of cellular energy because it is instead driven by the
tendency of the system to grow in entropy.
, AC-HPAT Biology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8e3vy2
12. active transport active transport is the movement of molecules across a membrane from a re-
gion of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the
concentration gradient. Active transport requires cellular energy to achieve this
movement.
13. catalyst Catalyst: a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself
undergoing any permanent chemical change.
14. fluid mosaic describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of components
model —including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that
gives the membrane a fluid character. The proportions of proteins, lipids, and
carbohydrates in the plasma membrane vary with cell type
15. Effect of lead on Lead poisoning can cause peripheral nerve damage: this can cause muscle
nerve cells weakness and problems with the sense of touch. When researchers examine
these damaged nerves, they find that the myelin insulation is often gone, and the
axons are destroyed. These changes prevent nerves from transmitting messages
properly.
16. the effect of elec- Reported symptoms include headaches, anxiety, suicide and depression, nausea,
tromagnetic radi- fatigue and loss of libido. To date, scientific evidence does not support a link
ation on brain between these symptoms and exposure to electromagnetic fields.
17. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are the most abundant biomolecule on Earth. Living organisms
function use carbohydrates as accessible energy to fuel cellular reactions and for structural
support inside cell walls. Cells attach carbohydrate molecules to proteins and
lipids, modifying structures to enhance functionality.
18. Proteins function Proteins fold up into specific shapes according to the sequence of amino acids
in the polymer, and the protein function is directly related to the resulting 3D
structure. Proteins may also interact with each other or other macromolecules in
the body to create complex assemblies.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8e3vy2
1. Pancreas and The pancreas is the organ that produces insulin, and it plays a major role in
Type 1 diabetes regulating blood glucose levels. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas does
not make enough or any insulin.
2. How does insulin Insulin pumps are small, computerized devices that mimic the way the human
work in diabetes? pancreas works by delivering small doses of short acting insulin continuously
(basal rate). The device also is used to deliver variable amounts of insulin when a
meal is eaten (bolus)
3. chemotherapy Chemotherapy is a drug treatment that uses powerful chemicals to kill fast-grow-
ing cells in your body. Chemotherapy is most often used to treat cancer, since
cancer cells grow and multiply much more quickly than most cells in the body.
It targets cells that grow and divide quickly, as cancer cells do. Unlike radiation
or surgery, which target specific areas, chemo can work throughout your body.
But it can also affect some fast-growing healthy cells, like those of the skin, hair,
intestines, and bone marrow.
4. How can stem Stem cell transplant replaces the leukemia cells in your bone marrow with new
cells be used ones that make blood. Your doctor can get the new stem cells from your own
in the treatment body or from a donor. Stem cell transplantation is effective against leukemia. In
of leukemia? And many cases, however, the transferred immune cells of the donor also attack the
how effective is recipients' healthy tissue—often with fatal consequences. ... Stem cell therapy
it? offers people suffering from leukemia or bone-marrow cancer the chance of full
recovery.
5. Why is Lasers are more precise than standard surgical tools (scalpels), so they do less
laser technolo- damage to normal tissues. As a result, patients usually have less pain, bleeding,
gy more effec- swelling, and scarring. With laser therapy, operations are usually shorter.
tive than conven-
tional surgery in
removing cancer-
ous tumours?
, AC-HPAT Biology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8e3vy2
6. Urinary system · The urinary system, also known as the renal system or urinary tract, consists of
the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of the urinary system
is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure,
control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH
7. Nanotechnology Nanotechnology can provide rapid and sensitive detection of cancer-related mol-
ecules, enabling scientists to detect molecular changes even when they occur only
in a small percentage of cells.
8. Mercury poison- The most common cause of mercury poisoning is from consuming too much
ing methyl mercury or organic mercury, which is linked to eating seafood. Small
amounts of mercury are present in everyday foods and products, which may not
affect your health. Too much mercury, however, can be poisonous. Mercury salts
affect primarily the gastrointestinal tract and the kidneys, and can cause severe
kidney damage; however, as they cannot cross the blood-brain barrier easily, these
salts inflict little neurological damage without continuous or heavy exposure.
9. How can ultra- UV rays may lead to macular degeneration, a leading cause of vision loss for older
violet light from Americans. UV rays, especially UV-B rays, may also cause some kinds of cataracts.
the sun affect the A cataract is a clouding of the eye's natural lens, the part of the eye that focuses
cells of the hu- the light we see.
man eye?
10. Macromolecules Macromolecules are large molecules composed of thousands of covalently con-
nected atoms. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are all macromol-
ecules. Macromolecules are formed by many monomers linking together, forming
a polymer.
11. passive transport Passive transport is a movement of ions and other atomic or molecular substances
across cell membranes without need of energy input. Unlike active transport, it
does not require an input of cellular energy because it is instead driven by the
tendency of the system to grow in entropy.
, AC-HPAT Biology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8e3vy2
12. active transport active transport is the movement of molecules across a membrane from a re-
gion of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the
concentration gradient. Active transport requires cellular energy to achieve this
movement.
13. catalyst Catalyst: a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself
undergoing any permanent chemical change.
14. fluid mosaic describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of components
model —including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that
gives the membrane a fluid character. The proportions of proteins, lipids, and
carbohydrates in the plasma membrane vary with cell type
15. Effect of lead on Lead poisoning can cause peripheral nerve damage: this can cause muscle
nerve cells weakness and problems with the sense of touch. When researchers examine
these damaged nerves, they find that the myelin insulation is often gone, and the
axons are destroyed. These changes prevent nerves from transmitting messages
properly.
16. the effect of elec- Reported symptoms include headaches, anxiety, suicide and depression, nausea,
tromagnetic radi- fatigue and loss of libido. To date, scientific evidence does not support a link
ation on brain between these symptoms and exposure to electromagnetic fields.
17. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are the most abundant biomolecule on Earth. Living organisms
function use carbohydrates as accessible energy to fuel cellular reactions and for structural
support inside cell walls. Cells attach carbohydrate molecules to proteins and
lipids, modifying structures to enhance functionality.
18. Proteins function Proteins fold up into specific shapes according to the sequence of amino acids
in the polymer, and the protein function is directly related to the resulting 3D
structure. Proteins may also interact with each other or other macromolecules in
the body to create complex assemblies.
