APEA PREDICTOR EXAM 2026-2027 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
First-Pass Effect
1. What cytochrome metabolizes a medication drug during the FIRST-PASS
Effect?
2. CYP450 enzyme is the most _____________.
3. It can either be induced or inhibited (T/F)
1. CYP450 metabolizes the drug in the liver to release the drug to the body where
it can be used.
2. Active
3. True
Pharmacokinetics
1. What are age-related changes?
(Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion)?
,1. Increase in fat-to-water ratio, decrease in liver function, decrease in GFR
Pharmacology: Cardiac Glycosides
1. What order of line of treatment is Digoxin?
2. Signs of Digoxin Overdose
3. Laboratory tests
4. Treatment
1. Second and Third
2. N/V, Hyperkalemia, Confusion, visual color changes
3. Digoxin level, CMP, EKG
4. Digoxin-specific antibodies
Pharmacology: Warfarin (Coumadin)
1. Category ____ for pregnancy.
2. Target INR for patients without mitral prosthetic valves? With prosthetic
valves?
,3. Referral to ________ for initiation and stabilization of warfarin dose.
4. How often do you check for consistently stable INR?
5. How often do you check for single out-of-range INR?
6. What do you educate the patient to do if the INR less than 5 with no significant
bleeding risk?
7. If one dose is missed, what do you do?
8. What kind of foods to avoid messing up the INR?
1. X
2. 2.0-3.0, 2.5-3.5
3. Cardiologist or anticoagulation clinic
4. Check every 2-4 weeks up to 12 weeks.
5. Continue warfarin dose, retest INR in 1-2 weeks.
6. Omit one dose, recheck INR.
7. Take the dose as soon as possible. Do not double dose.
8. Vitamin K foods
Pharmacology: Direct Oran Anticoagulants (DOAC)
1. Why are DOACs better than Warfarin?
, 2. Example of DOACs?
3. How long does it take for platelet function to return to normal after a patient
stops taking Plavix?
1. Less monitoring and less side effects
2. Apixaban (Eliquis)
3. 10 days
Pharmacology: Thiazide Diuretics
1. Examples
2. Contraindication
3. Adverse effects
4. Patients with osteoporosis receive an extra benefit from thiazide diuretics by
reducing __________ excretion (T/F)
1. HCTZ, Chlorthalidone
2. Sulfa allergy
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
First-Pass Effect
1. What cytochrome metabolizes a medication drug during the FIRST-PASS
Effect?
2. CYP450 enzyme is the most _____________.
3. It can either be induced or inhibited (T/F)
1. CYP450 metabolizes the drug in the liver to release the drug to the body where
it can be used.
2. Active
3. True
Pharmacokinetics
1. What are age-related changes?
(Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion)?
,1. Increase in fat-to-water ratio, decrease in liver function, decrease in GFR
Pharmacology: Cardiac Glycosides
1. What order of line of treatment is Digoxin?
2. Signs of Digoxin Overdose
3. Laboratory tests
4. Treatment
1. Second and Third
2. N/V, Hyperkalemia, Confusion, visual color changes
3. Digoxin level, CMP, EKG
4. Digoxin-specific antibodies
Pharmacology: Warfarin (Coumadin)
1. Category ____ for pregnancy.
2. Target INR for patients without mitral prosthetic valves? With prosthetic
valves?
,3. Referral to ________ for initiation and stabilization of warfarin dose.
4. How often do you check for consistently stable INR?
5. How often do you check for single out-of-range INR?
6. What do you educate the patient to do if the INR less than 5 with no significant
bleeding risk?
7. If one dose is missed, what do you do?
8. What kind of foods to avoid messing up the INR?
1. X
2. 2.0-3.0, 2.5-3.5
3. Cardiologist or anticoagulation clinic
4. Check every 2-4 weeks up to 12 weeks.
5. Continue warfarin dose, retest INR in 1-2 weeks.
6. Omit one dose, recheck INR.
7. Take the dose as soon as possible. Do not double dose.
8. Vitamin K foods
Pharmacology: Direct Oran Anticoagulants (DOAC)
1. Why are DOACs better than Warfarin?
, 2. Example of DOACs?
3. How long does it take for platelet function to return to normal after a patient
stops taking Plavix?
1. Less monitoring and less side effects
2. Apixaban (Eliquis)
3. 10 days
Pharmacology: Thiazide Diuretics
1. Examples
2. Contraindication
3. Adverse effects
4. Patients with osteoporosis receive an extra benefit from thiazide diuretics by
reducing __________ excretion (T/F)
1. HCTZ, Chlorthalidone
2. Sulfa allergy
