Psych 260 Exam 2 Questions and Verified
Answers
Intelligence Correct Answer: o Some experts describe intelligence as the ability to solve problems.
o Others describe it as the capacity to adapt and learn from experience.
o Still others argue that intelligence includes characteristics such as creativity and interpersonal skills.
o We will use as our definition of intelligence the ability to solve problems and to adapt and learn from
experiences.
o Intelligence cannot be directly measured.
The Binet Test Correct Answer: o In 1904, the French Ministry of Education asked psychologist, Alfred
Binet, to devise a method of identifying children who were unable to learn in school.
o Binet and his student, Theophile Simon, developed an intelligence test to meet this request.
o Today, this test is called the Stanford Binet test
The Stanford-Binet Test Correct Answer: o Binet developed the concept of mental age (MA), an
individual's level of mental development relative to others.
o The term intelligence quotient (IQ) refers to a person's mental age divided by chronological age (CA),
multiplied by 100.
• IQ = MA/CA X 100.
o Scores on a Stanford-Binet test approximate a normal distribution.
o One important addition to this version was the analysis of the individual's responses in terms of four
functions:
• Verbal reasoning
• Quantitative reasoning
,• Abstract visual reasoning
• Short-term memory.
o A general composite score is still obtained to reflect overall intelligence.
o The Stanford-Binet continues to be one of the most widely used tests to assess students' intelligence
The Wechsler Scales Correct Answer: o Another set of tests widely used to assess students' intelligence.
o Developed by psychologist David Wechsler.
o The set of tests include:
o Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-3rd Edition (WPPSI-III)
• 2 years 6 months to 7 years 3 months of age.
o Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-4th Edition (WISC-IV)
• 6 to 16 years of age
o The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Third Edition (WAIS-III).
o The Wechsler scales not only provide an overall IQ score and scores on a number of subtests but also
yield several composite indexes:
• The Verbal Comprehension Index
• The Working Memory Index
• The Processing Speed Index
• The subtest and composite scores allows the examiner to determine the areas in which the child is
strong or weak.
potential use and misuse of intelligence testing Correct Answer: o Intelligence tests have real-world
applications as predictors of school and job success
, o Many factors contribute to success in school and work. These include:
o Motivation to succeed
o Physical and Mental Health
o Social Skills
o The single number provided by many IQ tests can easily lead to false expectations and sweeping
generalizations.
o They can also become self-fulfilling prophecies.
Cultural Biases and Culture-Free Tests Correct Answer: o Early intelligence tests were culturally biased,
favoring people from urban rather than rural environments, middle-socioeconomic status rather than
low-socioeconomic status, and White rather than African American
o Members of minority groups who do not speak English or who speak nonstandard English are at a
disadvantage in trying to understand questions framed in standard English
o "What should you do if you find a 3-year-old child in the street?"
o Intelligence tests that aim to avoid cultural bias.
o Two types of culture-fair tests have been developed:
o The first includes questions that are familiar to people from all socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds.
o The second type contains no verbal questions.
Multiple intelligence viewpoint Correct Answer: emphasizes creativity and broader definition of
intelligence
o Has motivated educators to develop programs that instruct students in different domains
o Criticisms: Multiple intelligences are arbitrary
General intelligence viewpoint: Correct Answer: only one type of general intelligence (g) exists
o individuals who excel at one type of intellectual task are likely to excel at others
Answers
Intelligence Correct Answer: o Some experts describe intelligence as the ability to solve problems.
o Others describe it as the capacity to adapt and learn from experience.
o Still others argue that intelligence includes characteristics such as creativity and interpersonal skills.
o We will use as our definition of intelligence the ability to solve problems and to adapt and learn from
experiences.
o Intelligence cannot be directly measured.
The Binet Test Correct Answer: o In 1904, the French Ministry of Education asked psychologist, Alfred
Binet, to devise a method of identifying children who were unable to learn in school.
o Binet and his student, Theophile Simon, developed an intelligence test to meet this request.
o Today, this test is called the Stanford Binet test
The Stanford-Binet Test Correct Answer: o Binet developed the concept of mental age (MA), an
individual's level of mental development relative to others.
o The term intelligence quotient (IQ) refers to a person's mental age divided by chronological age (CA),
multiplied by 100.
• IQ = MA/CA X 100.
o Scores on a Stanford-Binet test approximate a normal distribution.
o One important addition to this version was the analysis of the individual's responses in terms of four
functions:
• Verbal reasoning
• Quantitative reasoning
,• Abstract visual reasoning
• Short-term memory.
o A general composite score is still obtained to reflect overall intelligence.
o The Stanford-Binet continues to be one of the most widely used tests to assess students' intelligence
The Wechsler Scales Correct Answer: o Another set of tests widely used to assess students' intelligence.
o Developed by psychologist David Wechsler.
o The set of tests include:
o Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-3rd Edition (WPPSI-III)
• 2 years 6 months to 7 years 3 months of age.
o Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-4th Edition (WISC-IV)
• 6 to 16 years of age
o The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Third Edition (WAIS-III).
o The Wechsler scales not only provide an overall IQ score and scores on a number of subtests but also
yield several composite indexes:
• The Verbal Comprehension Index
• The Working Memory Index
• The Processing Speed Index
• The subtest and composite scores allows the examiner to determine the areas in which the child is
strong or weak.
potential use and misuse of intelligence testing Correct Answer: o Intelligence tests have real-world
applications as predictors of school and job success
, o Many factors contribute to success in school and work. These include:
o Motivation to succeed
o Physical and Mental Health
o Social Skills
o The single number provided by many IQ tests can easily lead to false expectations and sweeping
generalizations.
o They can also become self-fulfilling prophecies.
Cultural Biases and Culture-Free Tests Correct Answer: o Early intelligence tests were culturally biased,
favoring people from urban rather than rural environments, middle-socioeconomic status rather than
low-socioeconomic status, and White rather than African American
o Members of minority groups who do not speak English or who speak nonstandard English are at a
disadvantage in trying to understand questions framed in standard English
o "What should you do if you find a 3-year-old child in the street?"
o Intelligence tests that aim to avoid cultural bias.
o Two types of culture-fair tests have been developed:
o The first includes questions that are familiar to people from all socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds.
o The second type contains no verbal questions.
Multiple intelligence viewpoint Correct Answer: emphasizes creativity and broader definition of
intelligence
o Has motivated educators to develop programs that instruct students in different domains
o Criticisms: Multiple intelligences are arbitrary
General intelligence viewpoint: Correct Answer: only one type of general intelligence (g) exists
o individuals who excel at one type of intellectual task are likely to excel at others
