MDC 3 EXAM 2 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Epistaxis. Answer: Nosebleed is a common problem
Trauma
Hypertension
Chronic Cocaine Use
Cauterization of affected capillaries may be needed; nose is packed
Posterior nasal bleeding is an emergency!
Assess for respiratory distress, tolerance of packing or tubes
Humidification, oxygen, bed rest, antibiotics, pain medications
Position patient upright and leaning forward
Pinch bridge of the nose (pressure)
Cold Compress (vasoconstriction)
Nasal Packing if necessary
•Nursing care of a patient with epistaxis includes:
•Management of bleeding by applying direct lateral pressure to the
nose for 10 minutes and the application of ice or cool compresses. If
bleeding does not cease, nasal packing may be applied.
,•Implement standard precautions.
•Educate the patient to maintain an upright position, such as leaning
forward to prevent aspiration.
•Monitor blood pressure to prevent periods of hypertension, which
could increase the chance of bleeding.
•Instruct the patient not to blow his or her nose for 24 hours to
prevent clot disruption.
•Avoid straining, bending over, blowing nose forcefully
◉ Interprofessional Collaborative Care Facial Trauma. Answer:
Airway assessment
Anticipate need for emergency intubation
Tracheotomy
Cricothyroidotomy
Fixed occlusion
Debridement
If a patent airway is not able to be secured, the patient may require
an emergency intervention such as a tracheotomy or
cricothyroidotomy. The next priorities are controlling hemorrhage,
identification of the source of bleeding, and providing aggressive
fluid resuscitation to maintain patient stability. Patients who present
with facial trauma also require stabilization of the head and neck
until the extent of the injury can be determined. Maintain cervical
alignment until diagnostic tests have cleared the patient of injury.
,Patients who suffer from facial trauma often require surgical
intervention for the injuries, nursing care of these patients includes
monitoring airway, assessing for bleeding and infection, and
providing patient education on oral care. Depending on the extent of
the injury, the patient will likely have their jaw wired. Educate the
patient and family on the use of a wire cutter for emergency
situations.
◉ obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Answer: cessation in breathing
while sleeping.
Must occur a minimum of 5x/hour (can be hundreds/night)
lasts from 10sec - greater than 1 minute with each episode
◉ Risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Answer: Obesity
Oropharyngeal edema
Family history
Hypothyroidism
short neck with recessed chin
Enlarged tonsils, adenoids, uvula
Cigarette smoking and alcohol or sedative use
◉ Complications of sleep Apnea. Answer: HTN
Stroke
Cognitive deficits
, Weight gain
Diabetes
Pulmonary disease
Cardiovascular disease
Excessive daytime sleepiness, irritability, inability to concentrate
◉ Diagnostic Tests for sleep apnea. Answer: STOP-Bang Sleep Apnea
Questionnaire
ABG and TSH level
Sleep study: observation and measurement of the client during
sleep.
◉ T/X sleep apnea. Answer: Treatment
Lose weight if sleep apnea is caused by obesity
Refrain from alcohol or sedatives
Avoid sleeping on your back (position fixing)
Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV)
BiPap
CPAP
APAP
Modafinil (Attenance,Provigil)
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Epistaxis. Answer: Nosebleed is a common problem
Trauma
Hypertension
Chronic Cocaine Use
Cauterization of affected capillaries may be needed; nose is packed
Posterior nasal bleeding is an emergency!
Assess for respiratory distress, tolerance of packing or tubes
Humidification, oxygen, bed rest, antibiotics, pain medications
Position patient upright and leaning forward
Pinch bridge of the nose (pressure)
Cold Compress (vasoconstriction)
Nasal Packing if necessary
•Nursing care of a patient with epistaxis includes:
•Management of bleeding by applying direct lateral pressure to the
nose for 10 minutes and the application of ice or cool compresses. If
bleeding does not cease, nasal packing may be applied.
,•Implement standard precautions.
•Educate the patient to maintain an upright position, such as leaning
forward to prevent aspiration.
•Monitor blood pressure to prevent periods of hypertension, which
could increase the chance of bleeding.
•Instruct the patient not to blow his or her nose for 24 hours to
prevent clot disruption.
•Avoid straining, bending over, blowing nose forcefully
◉ Interprofessional Collaborative Care Facial Trauma. Answer:
Airway assessment
Anticipate need for emergency intubation
Tracheotomy
Cricothyroidotomy
Fixed occlusion
Debridement
If a patent airway is not able to be secured, the patient may require
an emergency intervention such as a tracheotomy or
cricothyroidotomy. The next priorities are controlling hemorrhage,
identification of the source of bleeding, and providing aggressive
fluid resuscitation to maintain patient stability. Patients who present
with facial trauma also require stabilization of the head and neck
until the extent of the injury can be determined. Maintain cervical
alignment until diagnostic tests have cleared the patient of injury.
,Patients who suffer from facial trauma often require surgical
intervention for the injuries, nursing care of these patients includes
monitoring airway, assessing for bleeding and infection, and
providing patient education on oral care. Depending on the extent of
the injury, the patient will likely have their jaw wired. Educate the
patient and family on the use of a wire cutter for emergency
situations.
◉ obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Answer: cessation in breathing
while sleeping.
Must occur a minimum of 5x/hour (can be hundreds/night)
lasts from 10sec - greater than 1 minute with each episode
◉ Risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Answer: Obesity
Oropharyngeal edema
Family history
Hypothyroidism
short neck with recessed chin
Enlarged tonsils, adenoids, uvula
Cigarette smoking and alcohol or sedative use
◉ Complications of sleep Apnea. Answer: HTN
Stroke
Cognitive deficits
, Weight gain
Diabetes
Pulmonary disease
Cardiovascular disease
Excessive daytime sleepiness, irritability, inability to concentrate
◉ Diagnostic Tests for sleep apnea. Answer: STOP-Bang Sleep Apnea
Questionnaire
ABG and TSH level
Sleep study: observation and measurement of the client during
sleep.
◉ T/X sleep apnea. Answer: Treatment
Lose weight if sleep apnea is caused by obesity
Refrain from alcohol or sedatives
Avoid sleeping on your back (position fixing)
Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV)
BiPap
CPAP
APAP
Modafinil (Attenance,Provigil)
