NACE Foundations of Nursing Exam NEWEST 2026 WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED CORRECT
CORRECT CORRECT CORRECT CORRECT ANSWER
{ALREADY GRADED A+} BRAND NEW VERSION
An Alzheimer patient is actively resistive to basic hygiene. However, in order to meet basic standards for
hygiene, how frequently should the patient be bathed?
Biweekly
Weekly
Two to three times weekly
Daily - CORRECT ANSWERTwo to three times weekly
While adults don't usually need daily baths, they should bathe two to three times weekly. Grab bars,
shower or tub seats, tub mats, handheld showers, and proper heating (to avoid chilling the patient) can
facilitate more frequent bathing. Mild soap and bath oil may reduce the drying of skin. Patients who are
fearful of tubs and showers, common with dementia, may receive a sponge bath or Comfort Bath with
premoistened, warmed washcloths. Thick-handled toothbrushes or electric toothbrushes may facilitate
mouth care.
At which time of day are patients with cognitive impairment usually MOST sensitive to sensory
overload?
Late evening
Noon
Afternoon
Early morning - CORRECT ANSWERAfternoon
Many people are more sensitive to sensory overload in the afternoon when cortisol levels are highest.
Sensory overload most often affects those with cognitive impairment or those in stressful situations.
Excess noise and activity can cause distress, agitation, confusion, and delirium. Sensory deprivation
occurs when there is too little environmental stimulation because of reduction in sensory input because
,of hearing or vision deficits, inability to recognize sensory input because of cognitive impairment, or a
boring environment. Sensory deprivation can contribute to confusion, disorientation, and depression.
Which of the following is characteristic of nociceptive pain?
Burning, stabbing, or shooting pains
Diffuse or cramping pain
Acute aching or throbbing pain localized to the site of injury
Association with chronic conditions such as diabetes or cancer - CORRECT ANSWERAcute aching or
throbbing pain localized to the site of injury
Nociceptive pain usually correlates with the extent and type of injury: the greater the injury, the greater
the pain. It may be procedural pain (related to wound manipulation and dressing changes) or surgical
pain (related to the cutting of tissue). It may also be continuous or cyclic, depending upon the type of
injury. This type of pain, often described as aching or throbbing, is usually localized to the area of injury
and resolves over time as healing takes place, and it usually responds to analgesia.
According to the three-step World Health Organization (WHO) "analgesic ladder," a patient complaining
of moderate to severe pain unresponsive to NSAIDs may require which of the following medications?
Morphine
Demerol
Codeine
Acetaminophen - CORRECT ANSWERCodeine
Step 1: Mild to moderate pain is treated with aspirin, acetaminophen, and NSAIDs.
Step 2: Moderate to severe pain unrelieved by Step 1 medications may need opioids, such as codeine,
tramadol, or Percocet.
Step 3: Severe pain without relief from Step 1 or Step 2 medications may need stronger opioids, such as
morphine, Dilaudid, or MS-Contin
Which type of precautions is indicated for a patient with a surgical-site infection and purulent discharge?
Contact and droplet
Airborne
Droplet
Contact - CORRECT ANSWERContact
,Which of the following injection sites is the BEST choice for intramuscular (IM) administration of 3 mL of
medication for a well-developed adult female of normal weight?
Deltoid
Vastus lateralis
Dorsogluteal site
Ventrogluteal site - CORRECT ANSWERVentrogluteal site
The ventrogluteal site is the preferred IM injection site because there is little danger of injecting into
fatty tissue, large nerves, or blood vessels. In a well-developed adult, up to 4 mL can be safely injected.
The dorsogluteal site is the least preferred site because of its proximity to the sciatic nerve and large
blood vessels and increased fat deposits. The vastus lateralis site is also good because it lacks large
nerves or large blood vessels. The deltoid site is usually avoided because of the small muscle size and
the proximity of the radial nerve and artery. Injections to the deltoid should be limited to 1 mL.
A burn patient is upset and argues loudly with the nurse, refuses wound care, and states that the
treatment is too painful. Which response is an example of therapeutic communication?
"You should be happy that the burns are healing so well"
"You should stop arguing with the nurses"
"Everyone gets upset at times"
"Let's talk about this and see if we can figure out a way to make the treatment more comfortable for
you" - CORRECT ANSWER"Let's talk about this and see if we can figure out a way to make the treatment
more comfortable for you"
Collaborating with the patient to find a solution to a problem is an example of therapeutic
communication. The other responses are nontherapeutic and can block effective communication. Saying
"Everyone gets upset at times" devalues the patient's feelings. "You should stop arguing with the
nurses" is a negative judgment that may anger the patient more and does not deal with the real issue.
Saying "You should be happy the wound is healing" provides unwanted advice and ignores the patient's
concerns.
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the client's needs must be met FIRST?
Belonging and self-esteem
Physiological
Safety and security
Self-actualization - CORRECT ANSWERPhysiological
, Physiological needs must be met first. Abraham Maslow stated that human behavior is motivated by
needs, and that there is a hierarchy of needs that begins with basic needs and progresses to personal
needs. People may not progress in one direction from one need to another, but movement may be in
multiple directions in a lifelong process of working toward self-actualization, which requires creativity
and some degree of freedom. Failure to develop toward self-actualization may result in depression and
feelings of failure.
A bed-bound patient has a 1.5-inch foam overlay over her mattress. The nurse places her hand under
the overlay and finds that the foam overlay has compressed to 0.75 inch. What does this indicate?
Excess wear
Adequate support
Bottoming out
Moisture retention - CORRECT ANSWERBottoming out
Support surface material should provide at least one inch of support under areas to be protected when
in use to prevent "bottoming out." (Check by placing a hand palm-side up under the overlay and below
the pressure point.) Static support surfaces are appropriate for patients who can change position
without increasing pressure to an ulcer. Dynamic support surfaces are needed for those who need
assistance to move or when static pressure devices provide less than one inch of support.
A patient who is a Jehovah's Witness needs a transfusion of packed red blood cells because of blood
loss, but his religion prohibits blood transfusions. Which of the following is the correct action?
Tell the patient that he may die without the transfusion
Provide full information and the reasons for the transfusion
Assume the patient will not accept a transfusion and report this to the physician
Tell the patient that his health is more important than religious beliefs - CORRECT ANSWERProvide full
information and the reasons for the transfusion
It's important to approach the patient/family with full information and reasons for the transfusion or
blood components without being judgmental, allowing them to express their feelings. One should never
assume that an individual would refuse blood products based on religion alone. Jehovah's Witnesses can
receive fractionated blood cells, thus allowing hemoglobin-based blood substitutes. The following
guidelines are provided to church members:
When the nurse enters the room of a patient whose death is imminent, the daughter states, "I can't stay
in the room when Dad dies! I can't stand the thought!" Which of the following is the BEST response?
"I'll stay with him, and you can come and go as you feel comfortable"
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED CORRECT
CORRECT CORRECT CORRECT CORRECT ANSWER
{ALREADY GRADED A+} BRAND NEW VERSION
An Alzheimer patient is actively resistive to basic hygiene. However, in order to meet basic standards for
hygiene, how frequently should the patient be bathed?
Biweekly
Weekly
Two to three times weekly
Daily - CORRECT ANSWERTwo to three times weekly
While adults don't usually need daily baths, they should bathe two to three times weekly. Grab bars,
shower or tub seats, tub mats, handheld showers, and proper heating (to avoid chilling the patient) can
facilitate more frequent bathing. Mild soap and bath oil may reduce the drying of skin. Patients who are
fearful of tubs and showers, common with dementia, may receive a sponge bath or Comfort Bath with
premoistened, warmed washcloths. Thick-handled toothbrushes or electric toothbrushes may facilitate
mouth care.
At which time of day are patients with cognitive impairment usually MOST sensitive to sensory
overload?
Late evening
Noon
Afternoon
Early morning - CORRECT ANSWERAfternoon
Many people are more sensitive to sensory overload in the afternoon when cortisol levels are highest.
Sensory overload most often affects those with cognitive impairment or those in stressful situations.
Excess noise and activity can cause distress, agitation, confusion, and delirium. Sensory deprivation
occurs when there is too little environmental stimulation because of reduction in sensory input because
,of hearing or vision deficits, inability to recognize sensory input because of cognitive impairment, or a
boring environment. Sensory deprivation can contribute to confusion, disorientation, and depression.
Which of the following is characteristic of nociceptive pain?
Burning, stabbing, or shooting pains
Diffuse or cramping pain
Acute aching or throbbing pain localized to the site of injury
Association with chronic conditions such as diabetes or cancer - CORRECT ANSWERAcute aching or
throbbing pain localized to the site of injury
Nociceptive pain usually correlates with the extent and type of injury: the greater the injury, the greater
the pain. It may be procedural pain (related to wound manipulation and dressing changes) or surgical
pain (related to the cutting of tissue). It may also be continuous or cyclic, depending upon the type of
injury. This type of pain, often described as aching or throbbing, is usually localized to the area of injury
and resolves over time as healing takes place, and it usually responds to analgesia.
According to the three-step World Health Organization (WHO) "analgesic ladder," a patient complaining
of moderate to severe pain unresponsive to NSAIDs may require which of the following medications?
Morphine
Demerol
Codeine
Acetaminophen - CORRECT ANSWERCodeine
Step 1: Mild to moderate pain is treated with aspirin, acetaminophen, and NSAIDs.
Step 2: Moderate to severe pain unrelieved by Step 1 medications may need opioids, such as codeine,
tramadol, or Percocet.
Step 3: Severe pain without relief from Step 1 or Step 2 medications may need stronger opioids, such as
morphine, Dilaudid, or MS-Contin
Which type of precautions is indicated for a patient with a surgical-site infection and purulent discharge?
Contact and droplet
Airborne
Droplet
Contact - CORRECT ANSWERContact
,Which of the following injection sites is the BEST choice for intramuscular (IM) administration of 3 mL of
medication for a well-developed adult female of normal weight?
Deltoid
Vastus lateralis
Dorsogluteal site
Ventrogluteal site - CORRECT ANSWERVentrogluteal site
The ventrogluteal site is the preferred IM injection site because there is little danger of injecting into
fatty tissue, large nerves, or blood vessels. In a well-developed adult, up to 4 mL can be safely injected.
The dorsogluteal site is the least preferred site because of its proximity to the sciatic nerve and large
blood vessels and increased fat deposits. The vastus lateralis site is also good because it lacks large
nerves or large blood vessels. The deltoid site is usually avoided because of the small muscle size and
the proximity of the radial nerve and artery. Injections to the deltoid should be limited to 1 mL.
A burn patient is upset and argues loudly with the nurse, refuses wound care, and states that the
treatment is too painful. Which response is an example of therapeutic communication?
"You should be happy that the burns are healing so well"
"You should stop arguing with the nurses"
"Everyone gets upset at times"
"Let's talk about this and see if we can figure out a way to make the treatment more comfortable for
you" - CORRECT ANSWER"Let's talk about this and see if we can figure out a way to make the treatment
more comfortable for you"
Collaborating with the patient to find a solution to a problem is an example of therapeutic
communication. The other responses are nontherapeutic and can block effective communication. Saying
"Everyone gets upset at times" devalues the patient's feelings. "You should stop arguing with the
nurses" is a negative judgment that may anger the patient more and does not deal with the real issue.
Saying "You should be happy the wound is healing" provides unwanted advice and ignores the patient's
concerns.
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the client's needs must be met FIRST?
Belonging and self-esteem
Physiological
Safety and security
Self-actualization - CORRECT ANSWERPhysiological
, Physiological needs must be met first. Abraham Maslow stated that human behavior is motivated by
needs, and that there is a hierarchy of needs that begins with basic needs and progresses to personal
needs. People may not progress in one direction from one need to another, but movement may be in
multiple directions in a lifelong process of working toward self-actualization, which requires creativity
and some degree of freedom. Failure to develop toward self-actualization may result in depression and
feelings of failure.
A bed-bound patient has a 1.5-inch foam overlay over her mattress. The nurse places her hand under
the overlay and finds that the foam overlay has compressed to 0.75 inch. What does this indicate?
Excess wear
Adequate support
Bottoming out
Moisture retention - CORRECT ANSWERBottoming out
Support surface material should provide at least one inch of support under areas to be protected when
in use to prevent "bottoming out." (Check by placing a hand palm-side up under the overlay and below
the pressure point.) Static support surfaces are appropriate for patients who can change position
without increasing pressure to an ulcer. Dynamic support surfaces are needed for those who need
assistance to move or when static pressure devices provide less than one inch of support.
A patient who is a Jehovah's Witness needs a transfusion of packed red blood cells because of blood
loss, but his religion prohibits blood transfusions. Which of the following is the correct action?
Tell the patient that he may die without the transfusion
Provide full information and the reasons for the transfusion
Assume the patient will not accept a transfusion and report this to the physician
Tell the patient that his health is more important than religious beliefs - CORRECT ANSWERProvide full
information and the reasons for the transfusion
It's important to approach the patient/family with full information and reasons for the transfusion or
blood components without being judgmental, allowing them to express their feelings. One should never
assume that an individual would refuse blood products based on religion alone. Jehovah's Witnesses can
receive fractionated blood cells, thus allowing hemoglobin-based blood substitutes. The following
guidelines are provided to church members:
When the nurse enters the room of a patient whose death is imminent, the daughter states, "I can't stay
in the room when Dad dies! I can't stand the thought!" Which of the following is the BEST response?
"I'll stay with him, and you can come and go as you feel comfortable"
