• Convergent thinking: Seeks only 1 solution to a problem.
Divergent thinking: More than 1 single solution.
• Temporal lobe (ventral stream/what pathway):
- Processing shape, size & texture of objects
- Production of speech
- Recognition of language
- Controlling unconscious, automatic reactions (thirst, hunger)
- Damage: visual agnosia = not being able to locate an object
• Frontal lobe:
- Controlling conscious movement (walking, running)
- Speech and language production
- Executive functions (planning, organizing & controlling responses)
- Personality and social behavior
- Damage: paralysis = loss of simple movement
- Broca’s Aphasia = inability to express language
• Parietal lobe (dorsal stream/where, how pathway):
- Processing and interpreting somatosensory input (information about objects
through touch) and proprioception
- Integrating sensory input
- Damage = difficulty with drawing objects
• Occipital cortex
- Visual perception (color, form and motion)
• Wilconsin Card Sorting Test: Measures the ability to shift strategy.
• According to Hebb:
- Intelligence A = genes
- Intelligence B = experience
• Reflective system: lateral prefrontal cortex
Impulsive system: nucleus accumbens & ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC)
, • Synesthesia: When you experience one of your senses through another. For
example, you hear a word and see a color.
• Right-handed people more often have language localized in the left hemisphere.
• Splitting the corpus callosum à Epilepsy.
This results in split-brain: Image in the left visual field cannot be named and in the
right visual field can easily be named.
• Thalamus:
- Relays sensory input
- Plays a role in sleep, wakefulness, consciousness, learning and memory
- It includes the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) = key component of the visual
pathway
• On-center cells: Are excited by light that falls in the center of their receptive field.
• Rods in the peripheral vision and cones in the fovea.
• Visual pathways:
- Nasal crosses the opposite side
- Temporal stays on the same side
• Retinal ganglion cells form the optic nerve.
Photoreceptors are mostly densely packed in the fovea (dicht op elkaar).
• Magnocellular cells (M cells)
- Light and not color
- Information through rods
- Retina
• Parvocellular cells (P cells)
- Color and form
- Information through cones
- Fovea
• Perception = subjective
Sensation = objective
• Neurotransmission
1. Synthesis
2. Transported & released in presynaptic membrane à action potential
3. Receptor interaction
4. Inactivation
• Habituation = weaker responses to stimuli after repeated presentation.
Divergent thinking: More than 1 single solution.
• Temporal lobe (ventral stream/what pathway):
- Processing shape, size & texture of objects
- Production of speech
- Recognition of language
- Controlling unconscious, automatic reactions (thirst, hunger)
- Damage: visual agnosia = not being able to locate an object
• Frontal lobe:
- Controlling conscious movement (walking, running)
- Speech and language production
- Executive functions (planning, organizing & controlling responses)
- Personality and social behavior
- Damage: paralysis = loss of simple movement
- Broca’s Aphasia = inability to express language
• Parietal lobe (dorsal stream/where, how pathway):
- Processing and interpreting somatosensory input (information about objects
through touch) and proprioception
- Integrating sensory input
- Damage = difficulty with drawing objects
• Occipital cortex
- Visual perception (color, form and motion)
• Wilconsin Card Sorting Test: Measures the ability to shift strategy.
• According to Hebb:
- Intelligence A = genes
- Intelligence B = experience
• Reflective system: lateral prefrontal cortex
Impulsive system: nucleus accumbens & ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC)
, • Synesthesia: When you experience one of your senses through another. For
example, you hear a word and see a color.
• Right-handed people more often have language localized in the left hemisphere.
• Splitting the corpus callosum à Epilepsy.
This results in split-brain: Image in the left visual field cannot be named and in the
right visual field can easily be named.
• Thalamus:
- Relays sensory input
- Plays a role in sleep, wakefulness, consciousness, learning and memory
- It includes the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) = key component of the visual
pathway
• On-center cells: Are excited by light that falls in the center of their receptive field.
• Rods in the peripheral vision and cones in the fovea.
• Visual pathways:
- Nasal crosses the opposite side
- Temporal stays on the same side
• Retinal ganglion cells form the optic nerve.
Photoreceptors are mostly densely packed in the fovea (dicht op elkaar).
• Magnocellular cells (M cells)
- Light and not color
- Information through rods
- Retina
• Parvocellular cells (P cells)
- Color and form
- Information through cones
- Fovea
• Perception = subjective
Sensation = objective
• Neurotransmission
1. Synthesis
2. Transported & released in presynaptic membrane à action potential
3. Receptor interaction
4. Inactivation
• Habituation = weaker responses to stimuli after repeated presentation.
