California Water treatment T2/3 exam questions with
verified solutions
Dial indicator (measuring device)
Used to measure the miss alignment of shafts
Tachometer ( measuring device )
measuring instrument for indicating speed of rotation in RPM
Over-lubricantion (Pump problems)
~ Over lubrication can lead to high operating temperatures ,Collapsed seals ,overheating of
bearings , energy loss , etc .
Cavitation (Pump problems)
caused by the formation of bubbles . The collapsing of the (cavitation) bubbles can create an
intense shockwave causing damage to the metal impeller and casing . Decrease static suction to
reduce or eliminate cavitation.
Contamination (Pump problems)
Pumps should be capable of protecting water quality however if pump is suspected of
contamination disinfection of pump and bacteriological testing is required before the pump is
put back into service.
Grab sample ( water sample )
Single water sample ; represents water quality at the time and place sample was taken
Composite sample ( water sample )
,Multiple grab samples mixed together. All grab samples are from the same sampling point taken
at different times .
Continuous sample ( water sample )
An instrument constantly samples water ( online monitoring). Provides continuous data on
turbidity, ph , chlorine.
Sampling ( fundamentals )
Samples must be collected from representative sample points revealing the water quality of the
entire distribution system . (Samples are taken from the entire system raw water , treatment
plant, & distribution system )
Sample stations
Draws water directly from the water main and are the best places to collect samples. They are
designed to minimize contamination.
Water samples (regulation)
Regulations require water samples to be taken to ensure safe drinking water . Provides data on
coliform bacteria, chlorine residual, lead & copper , taste , odor & color , organics & in organics ,
etc .
Water Sampling ( procedure )
1) open faucet 2) flush stagnant water from line for 2-5 min 3) collect sample 4) tighten lid 5)
label bottle 6) fill out label
Bacteriological testing sample (procedure)
Do not rinse bottle before use . Sample bottle must contain sodium thiosulfate (sodium
thiosulfate neutralizes chlorine residual ). When collecting a sample for bacteriological analysis (
coliform ) check chlorine residual.
Lead and copper sample ( procedure)
, 1) Allow water to sit stagnant for atleast 6 hours ( first-draw sample) 2) turn in faucet 3) collect
sample 4) tighten lid in bottle 5) label bottle
Preservation and storage ( water samples )
Sample preservation: refrigeration and chemical preservatives .( slows chemical or biological
activity in sample )
Holding time : period of time a sample can be stored without effecting results . If sample
surpasses this time frame the sample will be considered invalid .
*Ph , temperature, and disinfectant residual must be analyzed immediately. Has a holding time
of 0
PH meter
Measures the hydrogen ion activity in water-based solutions.
(Most also have the ability to test water temperature)
*must be calibrated every day before use
Color metric DPD method ( measurement device )
Most common method for testing chlorine residual . Adapts well to field testing, is cheap , easy
to use , requires few components. DPD is oxidized my chlorine resulting in a color change (
magenta ). The intensity of the color is proportional to the chlorine concentration.
Cain of custody form( water sample )
A form that documents possession of a water sample from the time of collection to analysis at
the lab . The purpose of chain of custody is to provide evidence of sample integrity.
PH (water)
PH eights the strength of acids or bases. The PH of water will determine how corrosive it is . Low
PH is corrosive causing metals to rust . Water with high PH will lead to scaling on the pipe and a
verified solutions
Dial indicator (measuring device)
Used to measure the miss alignment of shafts
Tachometer ( measuring device )
measuring instrument for indicating speed of rotation in RPM
Over-lubricantion (Pump problems)
~ Over lubrication can lead to high operating temperatures ,Collapsed seals ,overheating of
bearings , energy loss , etc .
Cavitation (Pump problems)
caused by the formation of bubbles . The collapsing of the (cavitation) bubbles can create an
intense shockwave causing damage to the metal impeller and casing . Decrease static suction to
reduce or eliminate cavitation.
Contamination (Pump problems)
Pumps should be capable of protecting water quality however if pump is suspected of
contamination disinfection of pump and bacteriological testing is required before the pump is
put back into service.
Grab sample ( water sample )
Single water sample ; represents water quality at the time and place sample was taken
Composite sample ( water sample )
,Multiple grab samples mixed together. All grab samples are from the same sampling point taken
at different times .
Continuous sample ( water sample )
An instrument constantly samples water ( online monitoring). Provides continuous data on
turbidity, ph , chlorine.
Sampling ( fundamentals )
Samples must be collected from representative sample points revealing the water quality of the
entire distribution system . (Samples are taken from the entire system raw water , treatment
plant, & distribution system )
Sample stations
Draws water directly from the water main and are the best places to collect samples. They are
designed to minimize contamination.
Water samples (regulation)
Regulations require water samples to be taken to ensure safe drinking water . Provides data on
coliform bacteria, chlorine residual, lead & copper , taste , odor & color , organics & in organics ,
etc .
Water Sampling ( procedure )
1) open faucet 2) flush stagnant water from line for 2-5 min 3) collect sample 4) tighten lid 5)
label bottle 6) fill out label
Bacteriological testing sample (procedure)
Do not rinse bottle before use . Sample bottle must contain sodium thiosulfate (sodium
thiosulfate neutralizes chlorine residual ). When collecting a sample for bacteriological analysis (
coliform ) check chlorine residual.
Lead and copper sample ( procedure)
, 1) Allow water to sit stagnant for atleast 6 hours ( first-draw sample) 2) turn in faucet 3) collect
sample 4) tighten lid in bottle 5) label bottle
Preservation and storage ( water samples )
Sample preservation: refrigeration and chemical preservatives .( slows chemical or biological
activity in sample )
Holding time : period of time a sample can be stored without effecting results . If sample
surpasses this time frame the sample will be considered invalid .
*Ph , temperature, and disinfectant residual must be analyzed immediately. Has a holding time
of 0
PH meter
Measures the hydrogen ion activity in water-based solutions.
(Most also have the ability to test water temperature)
*must be calibrated every day before use
Color metric DPD method ( measurement device )
Most common method for testing chlorine residual . Adapts well to field testing, is cheap , easy
to use , requires few components. DPD is oxidized my chlorine resulting in a color change (
magenta ). The intensity of the color is proportional to the chlorine concentration.
Cain of custody form( water sample )
A form that documents possession of a water sample from the time of collection to analysis at
the lab . The purpose of chain of custody is to provide evidence of sample integrity.
PH (water)
PH eights the strength of acids or bases. The PH of water will determine how corrosive it is . Low
PH is corrosive causing metals to rust . Water with high PH will lead to scaling on the pipe and a
