FCCS EXAM 2026 FINAL PAPER TEST BANK
REVIEW
⫸ 3 respiratory types, and their criteria Answer: Hypoxemic (PaO2
<50-60)
Hypercapnic (PaCO2 >50, pH <7.36)
Mixed
⫸ Delta gap (formula, when and why it's used) Answer: Difference in
AG from normal - Difference in HCO3 from normal
In AG metabolic acidosis it's used. It tells you if there's underlying
metabolic alkalosis or respiratory acidosis with bicarb compensation IN
ADDITION to the AG metabolic acidosis. Both of those would result in
a high bicarb to begin with, and a smaller change in bicarb from normal.
⫸ Winter's formula (equation, what it measures) Answer: 1.5[HCO3] +
8 +/- 2
If compensation is adequate in acid/base issues
⫸ How AG changes with albumin changes Answer: Decreases 2.5-3 for
every 1 decrease in albumin
⫸ Hemodynamic changes after intubation Answer: Hypo/hypertension
Arrhythmia
Tachycardia
, ⫸ Pressure support equation for BiPAP Answer: IPAP - EPAP
⫸ 3 types of vent cycles Answer: Volume (preset tidal volume, relieves
WOB the most)
Time (constant pressure of time)
Flow (constant pressure until inspiratory flow is below 25% of peak)
⫸ Goal tidal volume Answer: 10 cc/kg
⫸ Goal FiO2 on vent Answer: Start at 1.0, then decrease as SpO2
tolerates (goal of 92-94 saturation)
⫸ Ppeak Answer: Peak inspiratory pressure
⫸ Pplat (try to keep it below ?) Answer: Inspiratory plateau pressure
(shows alveolar distention)
30
⫸ AutoPEEP (what it is, what it causes, how to fix it) Answer: Breath
stacking
Decreases preload to the heart with positive pressure on the lungs -->
hypotension
Decrease RR, decrease inspiration time (goal is to have more time for
the lungs to exhale)
REVIEW
⫸ 3 respiratory types, and their criteria Answer: Hypoxemic (PaO2
<50-60)
Hypercapnic (PaCO2 >50, pH <7.36)
Mixed
⫸ Delta gap (formula, when and why it's used) Answer: Difference in
AG from normal - Difference in HCO3 from normal
In AG metabolic acidosis it's used. It tells you if there's underlying
metabolic alkalosis or respiratory acidosis with bicarb compensation IN
ADDITION to the AG metabolic acidosis. Both of those would result in
a high bicarb to begin with, and a smaller change in bicarb from normal.
⫸ Winter's formula (equation, what it measures) Answer: 1.5[HCO3] +
8 +/- 2
If compensation is adequate in acid/base issues
⫸ How AG changes with albumin changes Answer: Decreases 2.5-3 for
every 1 decrease in albumin
⫸ Hemodynamic changes after intubation Answer: Hypo/hypertension
Arrhythmia
Tachycardia
, ⫸ Pressure support equation for BiPAP Answer: IPAP - EPAP
⫸ 3 types of vent cycles Answer: Volume (preset tidal volume, relieves
WOB the most)
Time (constant pressure of time)
Flow (constant pressure until inspiratory flow is below 25% of peak)
⫸ Goal tidal volume Answer: 10 cc/kg
⫸ Goal FiO2 on vent Answer: Start at 1.0, then decrease as SpO2
tolerates (goal of 92-94 saturation)
⫸ Ppeak Answer: Peak inspiratory pressure
⫸ Pplat (try to keep it below ?) Answer: Inspiratory plateau pressure
(shows alveolar distention)
30
⫸ AutoPEEP (what it is, what it causes, how to fix it) Answer: Breath
stacking
Decreases preload to the heart with positive pressure on the lungs -->
hypotension
Decrease RR, decrease inspiration time (goal is to have more time for
the lungs to exhale)
