Nursing Pathophysiology Final Exam
Review Questions and Answers
1. While
viewing the electrocardiogram, the nurse recalls the
conducts action
potentials down the atrioventricular septum.
ANS Bundle of His
2. Which of the following patient would be most prone to metabolic
acidosis? A patient with
ANS Diabetes whose glucoses are uncontrolled
3. A 76-year-old patient had the following arterial blood gas sample
after his stomach surgery in
which his gastric content and fluid were removed; pH 7.55, PCO2 50,
HCO3 35.
What acid-base
imbalance is most likely in this patient?
ANS Metabolic alkalosis, compensating
4. A 50-year-old male visits the cardiologist for an EKG. Results
indicate that he has no
,PR interval and a variable QRS rate with rhythm irregularity. Which of
the following is
the most likely diagnosis to be recorded on the chart?
ANS Atrial fibrillation
5. A 65-year-old male is transported to the ER for chest pain. An
electrocardio- gram
reveals a prolonged QRS interval. What is the nurse monitoring when
the nurse
observes the QRS complex on the electrocardiogram? The QRS
complex re- flects
ANS Ventricular activity
6. Which is one of the acid/base conditions that would cause the
nurse to monitor for hyperkalemia?
ANS metabolic acidosis
7. A 20-year-old male is in acute pain with restlessness and anxiety.
An arterial blood gas
reveals decreased carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Which of the following
does the nurse
suspect is the most likely cause?
ANS hyperventilation
8. A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding.
,The physi- cian identified
endometrial changes that are due to hormonal imbalances. These
cellular
changes would be
referred to as
ANS Pathologic hyperplasia
9. A 34-year-old was diagnosed with malignant tumor (cancer). The
nurse teach- es the patient
about malignant cells. Which of the following is most appropriate
explanation when describing
malignant cells?
ANS Malignant cells are dysplastic cells and are irreversible
10. A characteristic of a malignant tumor includes that it
ANS can spread far from the tissue of origin
11. A 25-year-old male develops cancer of the breast glandular
tissue. What type of cancer does he
have?
ANS adenocarcinoma
12. When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows
that in response to an increased
, workload, cardiac myocardial cells will
ANS Increase in size
13. The term apoptosis is appropriately defined as
ANS programmed cell death
14. A report comes back indicating that muscular atrophy has
occurred. A nurse recalls that
muscular atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell
ANS size
15. A nursing student is studying about cancer and the
associated risks for cancer. The instructor
knows the student understands cancer when which of the following are
asso- ciated risks for
cancer?
ANS -Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
-hepatitis C virus (HCV)
-hepatitis B virus (HBV)
-human papillomavirus (HPV)
16. A primary care provider is attempting to diagnose cancer and
is looking for a tumor marker.
Which of the following could be a possible marker?
Review Questions and Answers
1. While
viewing the electrocardiogram, the nurse recalls the
conducts action
potentials down the atrioventricular septum.
ANS Bundle of His
2. Which of the following patient would be most prone to metabolic
acidosis? A patient with
ANS Diabetes whose glucoses are uncontrolled
3. A 76-year-old patient had the following arterial blood gas sample
after his stomach surgery in
which his gastric content and fluid were removed; pH 7.55, PCO2 50,
HCO3 35.
What acid-base
imbalance is most likely in this patient?
ANS Metabolic alkalosis, compensating
4. A 50-year-old male visits the cardiologist for an EKG. Results
indicate that he has no
,PR interval and a variable QRS rate with rhythm irregularity. Which of
the following is
the most likely diagnosis to be recorded on the chart?
ANS Atrial fibrillation
5. A 65-year-old male is transported to the ER for chest pain. An
electrocardio- gram
reveals a prolonged QRS interval. What is the nurse monitoring when
the nurse
observes the QRS complex on the electrocardiogram? The QRS
complex re- flects
ANS Ventricular activity
6. Which is one of the acid/base conditions that would cause the
nurse to monitor for hyperkalemia?
ANS metabolic acidosis
7. A 20-year-old male is in acute pain with restlessness and anxiety.
An arterial blood gas
reveals decreased carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Which of the following
does the nurse
suspect is the most likely cause?
ANS hyperventilation
8. A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding.
,The physi- cian identified
endometrial changes that are due to hormonal imbalances. These
cellular
changes would be
referred to as
ANS Pathologic hyperplasia
9. A 34-year-old was diagnosed with malignant tumor (cancer). The
nurse teach- es the patient
about malignant cells. Which of the following is most appropriate
explanation when describing
malignant cells?
ANS Malignant cells are dysplastic cells and are irreversible
10. A characteristic of a malignant tumor includes that it
ANS can spread far from the tissue of origin
11. A 25-year-old male develops cancer of the breast glandular
tissue. What type of cancer does he
have?
ANS adenocarcinoma
12. When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows
that in response to an increased
, workload, cardiac myocardial cells will
ANS Increase in size
13. The term apoptosis is appropriately defined as
ANS programmed cell death
14. A report comes back indicating that muscular atrophy has
occurred. A nurse recalls that
muscular atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell
ANS size
15. A nursing student is studying about cancer and the
associated risks for cancer. The instructor
knows the student understands cancer when which of the following are
asso- ciated risks for
cancer?
ANS -Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
-hepatitis C virus (HCV)
-hepatitis B virus (HBV)
-human papillomavirus (HPV)
16. A primary care provider is attempting to diagnose cancer and
is looking for a tumor marker.
Which of the following could be a possible marker?
