WGU C190 |OA| OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT
ADVANCED BIO STUDY QUESTIONS:
(LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027) | QUESTIONS
& ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT | GRADE A
WGU C190 |OA| OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT
ADVANCED BIOLOGY
WGU C190 OA Biology Study Guide – 200 Questions with Answers
(Updated & Verified)
1. Adaptation
Answer: Adaptation is the adjustment or changes in behavior, physiology, and
structure of an organism to become more suited to an environment. These changes
increase an organism’s chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptations can be
structural, behavioral, or physiological, such as the thick fur of arctic foxes or the
migration patterns of birds.
2. Aerobic
Answer: Aerobic refers to processes that require oxygen to occur. Cellular respiration
is an example, where glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce
energy (ATP). Aerobic processes are generally more efficient at producing energy than
anaerobic processes.
3. Allele
Answer: An allele is an alternative form of a gene. For example, genes that determine
eye color may have alleles for blue, brown, green, or hazel eyes. Organisms inherit
two alleles for each gene, one from each parent, and these alleles determine traits.
4. Amino Acids
Answer: Amino acids are small organic molecules that consist of an amino group, a
carboxyl group, and an R-group all attached to a central carbon. The R-group differs
between amino acids and determines their properties. Amino acids are the building
blocks of proteins, which perform most structural and functional roles in cells.
,5. Anaerobic
Answer: Anaerobic processes occur without the presence of oxygen. For example,
fermentation in yeast produces energy from glucose without oxygen. Anaerobic
pathways are less efficient than aerobic respiration and produce less ATP per molecule
of glucose.
6. Anaphase
Answer: Anaphase is a stage of mitosis in which sister chromatids separate and move
toward opposite poles of the cell. This ensures that each daughter cell receives an
identical set of chromosomes. The separation is facilitated by the shortening of spindle
fibers attached to the chromatids.
7. Anaphase I
Answer: Anaphase I occurs during Meiosis I, where homologous chromosomes are
pulled to opposite poles of the cell. This reduces the chromosome number by half and
ensures genetic diversity through independent assortment. Sister chromatids remain
attached during this stage.
8. Anaphase II
Answer: Anaphase II occurs in Meiosis II, where centromeres split, allowing sister
chromatids (now individual chromosomes) to move to opposite poles. This stage
ensures that each gamete receives a single copy of each chromosome. Meiosis II
closely resembles mitosis.
9. Artificial Selection
Answer: Artificial selection is the deliberate breeding of organisms with desired traits
to produce offspring with those traits. Humans have used this method to breed plants
and animals for thousands of years, such as dogs, crops, and livestock. It relies on
selecting individuals that possess favorable characteristics.
10. Asexual Reproduction
Answer: Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring from a single
parent. It does not involve gametes or meiosis. Examples include binary fission in
bacteria and budding in yeast and hydra, allowing rapid population growth.
11. Examples of Asexual Reproduction
Answer: Bacteria and fungi are examples of organisms that reproduce asexually.
Bacteria commonly reproduce through binary fission, while fungi reproduce via spores.
This method allows organisms to reproduce quickly in favorable conditions.
12. Atom
, Answer: An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an
element. It consists of a dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded
by electrons in orbitals. Atoms combine to form molecules, which build all living and
nonliving matter.
13. Autosomal
Answer: Autosomal refers to traits associated with genes located on non-sex
chromosomes, called autosomes. Humans have 22 pairs of autosomes, and traits on
these chromosomes follow Mendelian inheritance patterns. Autosomal traits can be
dominant or recessive.
14. Autosomal Chromosome
Answer: An autosomal chromosome is any chromosome not involved in determining
sex. Humans have 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes. Autosomal
chromosomes carry genes for most body functions and traits.
15. Biogeochemical Cycle
Answer: Biogeochemical cycles describe the movement of elements and compounds
between living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) parts of ecosystems. Key cycles include
the water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles. These cycles ensure the recycling
of nutrients essential for life.
16. Biome
Answer: A biome is a large, naturally occurring community of plants and animals that
occupy a major habitat. Examples include tropical rainforests, deserts, and tundra.
Biomes are defined by climate, vegetation, and ecological conditions.
17. Biomes
Answer: Biomes are patterns of distribution of ecosystems across the globe, where
similar environmental conditions produce similar adaptations in plants and animals.
Examples include tundra, grasslands, and temperate forests. Biomes help ecologists
categorize regions of Earth’s biosphere.
18. Biosphere
Answer: The biosphere includes all areas of Earth where life exists—on land, in water,
and in the atmosphere. It encompasses ecosystems, communities, and organisms
interacting with each other and their environment. The biosphere is the global sum of
all ecosystems and life-supporting zones.
19. Carbohydrate
Answer: Carbohydrates are organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen, usually in a ratio of 1:2:1. They serve as a primary energy source for cells and
ADVANCED BIO STUDY QUESTIONS:
(LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027) | QUESTIONS
& ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT | GRADE A
WGU C190 |OA| OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT
ADVANCED BIOLOGY
WGU C190 OA Biology Study Guide – 200 Questions with Answers
(Updated & Verified)
1. Adaptation
Answer: Adaptation is the adjustment or changes in behavior, physiology, and
structure of an organism to become more suited to an environment. These changes
increase an organism’s chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptations can be
structural, behavioral, or physiological, such as the thick fur of arctic foxes or the
migration patterns of birds.
2. Aerobic
Answer: Aerobic refers to processes that require oxygen to occur. Cellular respiration
is an example, where glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce
energy (ATP). Aerobic processes are generally more efficient at producing energy than
anaerobic processes.
3. Allele
Answer: An allele is an alternative form of a gene. For example, genes that determine
eye color may have alleles for blue, brown, green, or hazel eyes. Organisms inherit
two alleles for each gene, one from each parent, and these alleles determine traits.
4. Amino Acids
Answer: Amino acids are small organic molecules that consist of an amino group, a
carboxyl group, and an R-group all attached to a central carbon. The R-group differs
between amino acids and determines their properties. Amino acids are the building
blocks of proteins, which perform most structural and functional roles in cells.
,5. Anaerobic
Answer: Anaerobic processes occur without the presence of oxygen. For example,
fermentation in yeast produces energy from glucose without oxygen. Anaerobic
pathways are less efficient than aerobic respiration and produce less ATP per molecule
of glucose.
6. Anaphase
Answer: Anaphase is a stage of mitosis in which sister chromatids separate and move
toward opposite poles of the cell. This ensures that each daughter cell receives an
identical set of chromosomes. The separation is facilitated by the shortening of spindle
fibers attached to the chromatids.
7. Anaphase I
Answer: Anaphase I occurs during Meiosis I, where homologous chromosomes are
pulled to opposite poles of the cell. This reduces the chromosome number by half and
ensures genetic diversity through independent assortment. Sister chromatids remain
attached during this stage.
8. Anaphase II
Answer: Anaphase II occurs in Meiosis II, where centromeres split, allowing sister
chromatids (now individual chromosomes) to move to opposite poles. This stage
ensures that each gamete receives a single copy of each chromosome. Meiosis II
closely resembles mitosis.
9. Artificial Selection
Answer: Artificial selection is the deliberate breeding of organisms with desired traits
to produce offspring with those traits. Humans have used this method to breed plants
and animals for thousands of years, such as dogs, crops, and livestock. It relies on
selecting individuals that possess favorable characteristics.
10. Asexual Reproduction
Answer: Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring from a single
parent. It does not involve gametes or meiosis. Examples include binary fission in
bacteria and budding in yeast and hydra, allowing rapid population growth.
11. Examples of Asexual Reproduction
Answer: Bacteria and fungi are examples of organisms that reproduce asexually.
Bacteria commonly reproduce through binary fission, while fungi reproduce via spores.
This method allows organisms to reproduce quickly in favorable conditions.
12. Atom
, Answer: An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an
element. It consists of a dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded
by electrons in orbitals. Atoms combine to form molecules, which build all living and
nonliving matter.
13. Autosomal
Answer: Autosomal refers to traits associated with genes located on non-sex
chromosomes, called autosomes. Humans have 22 pairs of autosomes, and traits on
these chromosomes follow Mendelian inheritance patterns. Autosomal traits can be
dominant or recessive.
14. Autosomal Chromosome
Answer: An autosomal chromosome is any chromosome not involved in determining
sex. Humans have 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes. Autosomal
chromosomes carry genes for most body functions and traits.
15. Biogeochemical Cycle
Answer: Biogeochemical cycles describe the movement of elements and compounds
between living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) parts of ecosystems. Key cycles include
the water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles. These cycles ensure the recycling
of nutrients essential for life.
16. Biome
Answer: A biome is a large, naturally occurring community of plants and animals that
occupy a major habitat. Examples include tropical rainforests, deserts, and tundra.
Biomes are defined by climate, vegetation, and ecological conditions.
17. Biomes
Answer: Biomes are patterns of distribution of ecosystems across the globe, where
similar environmental conditions produce similar adaptations in plants and animals.
Examples include tundra, grasslands, and temperate forests. Biomes help ecologists
categorize regions of Earth’s biosphere.
18. Biosphere
Answer: The biosphere includes all areas of Earth where life exists—on land, in water,
and in the atmosphere. It encompasses ecosystems, communities, and organisms
interacting with each other and their environment. The biosphere is the global sum of
all ecosystems and life-supporting zones.
19. Carbohydrate
Answer: Carbohydrates are organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen, usually in a ratio of 1:2:1. They serve as a primary energy source for cells and
