CSOWM - VITAMINS AND MINERALS QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

CSOWM- VITAMINSAND MINERALS v v v v




QUESTIONS WITH CORRECTANSWERS 2025 v v v v




S/s of vitamin D deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER -
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depression, muscle pain, involuntary muscle movements, osteoporosis
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S/S of Calcium deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER -
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Low bone density, osteoporosis, muscle contractions, spasms, pain
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S/S of magnesium deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER -muscle contractions, pain, spasms, osteoporosis
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Micronutrients to consider for bone health - CORRECT ANSWER -Vitamin D, calcium, magnesium
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Micronutrients to consider for anemias - CORRECT ANSWER -Iron, B12, folic acid, zinc, copper
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S/s iron deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER -
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Fatigue, low productivity, spoon shaped nails/vertical ridges, glossitis
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S/s B12 deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER -
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Numbness/tingling fingers and toes, glossitis, fatigue, depression, dementia, gait ataxia v v v v v v v v v




S/s folic acid deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER -
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Palpitations, fatigue, neural tube defects, changes in skin pigmentation
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S/s of zinc deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER -Skin lesions, poor wound healing, hair loss, taste changes
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S/s of copper deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER -
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Unsteady gait, tingling in hands/feet, poor wound healing. paralysis
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S/s vitamin A deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER -
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Loss of nocturnal vision, itching, dry hair, xerophthalmia, decreased immunity/poor wound healing
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, S/s vitamin K deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER -Easy bruising
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S/s vitamin E deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER -Hyporeflexia/weakness, gait ataxia
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Dry Beriberi - CORRECT ANSWER -
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Thiamine deficiency; convulsions, muscle weakness, pain of lower/upper extremities, brisk tendon refl exes
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Wet Beriberi - CORRECT ANSWER -
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Thiamine deficiency; Tachycardia or bradycardia, lactic acidosis, dyspnea, Neuropsychiatric: Confusion,
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ataxia, paralysis
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Wernicke Encephalopathy - CORRECT ANSWER - v v v v v




Thiamine deficiency; Ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, confusion, hallucinations, psychosis
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How to replete iron - CORRECT ANSWER -150-200 mg of elemental iron daily to 300 mg BID-
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TID daily. Oral supplementation should be taken in divided doses separately from calcium supplements
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, acid reducing medications, and foods high in phytates or polyphenols
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What if iron deficiency does not respond to oral therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER - Intravenous
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iron infusion should be administered
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Iron deficiency markers - CORRECT ANSWER -
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Iron < 50 micrograms/dL; TIBC > 450 micrograms/dL; Ferritin < 20 micrograms/L (Low H/H; low MCV; L ow
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TSAT)
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B12 deficiency markers - CORRECT ANSWER -
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Serum MMA > 0.56 mmol/L; decreased serum B12 (May miss 30-
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50% of def) <400 pg/mL suboptimal; < 200 pg/mL deficiency; Increased homocysteine, decreased H/H,
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increased MCV
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How to replete B12 - CORRECT ANSWER -1,000-2,000 mcg per day OR 1000 mcg/ week Intramuscular
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