CSO EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT v v v v v
ANSWERS 2025/2026 v v
Cancer cachexia - CORRECT ANSWER -per sample test question:temporal wasting, depleted fat
v v v v v v v v v v v
stores, profound anorexia
v v v
Multifactorial syndrome characterized by ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass, anorexia, early
v v v v v v v v v v v
satiety,wt loss, anemia,edema,fatigue, possiblemetabolic alterations, increased inflammatory
v v v v v v v v v v v
markers and progressive functional impairment.
v v v v v
Pathophysiologycharacterized bynegativeprotein energybalancedrivenbyvariable combination
v v v v v v v v v v
of reduced food intake and abnormal metabolism
v v v v v v v
Cytokines - CORRECT ANSWER -protein mediators produced by inflammatory cells in response to
v v v v v v v v v v v v
exogenous stimuli, produce metabolic changes & wasting
v v v v v v v
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) - CORRECT ANSWER -a disease caused by the immune response v v v v v v v v v v v v
of histoincompatible, immunocompetent donor cells against the tissues of an
v v v v v v v v v v
immunoincompetent host; an immuniologic reaction of allogeneic donor cells (graft) reacting
v v v v v v v v v v v
against the pt (host) tissues
v v v v v
Evidenced by icterus & abnormal liver functions, severe /secretory diarrhea - may need total bowel
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
rest --> isomotic, low residue, lactose-free diet --> solids with low lactose, fiber, fat & acideity,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
gastric irritants --> regular diet
v v v v v
- usually 3 onths after transplant (but may be 7-10 days post)
v v v v v v v v v v
GVHD - CORRECT ANSWER -a disease caused by the immune response of histoincompatible,
v v v v v v v v v v v v
immunocompetent donor cells against the tissues of an immunoincompetent host; an
v v v v v v v v v v v
immuniologic reaction of allogeneic donor cells (graft) reacting against the pt (host) tissues
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Evidenced by icterus & abnormal liver functions, severe /secretory diarrhea - may need total bowel
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
rest --> isomotic, low residue, lactose-free diet --> solids with low lactose, fiber, fat & acideity,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
gastric irritants --> regular diet
v v v v v
,- usually 3 onths after transplant (but may be 7-10 days post)
v v v v v v v v v v
Neutropenia - CORRECT ANSWER -a reduction of WBC (neutrophils) that can be caused by chemo or
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
XRT, results in increased susceptibility to life-threatening infections
v v v v v v v v
Pancytopenia - CORRECT ANSWER -a reduction in all cellular elements of the blood v v v v v v v v v v v v
Progression - CORRECT ANSWER -the phase in which tumor cells aggregate, grow autonomously and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
form benign tumors that eventually lead to malignant phenotype with the capacity for tissue
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
invasion & mets
v v v
Xerostomia - CORRECT ANSWER -mouth dryness v v v v v
Halal diet-CORRECT ANSWER -Muslim/Islamic law.
v v v v v v
v Fasting common v
Women have decreased sun exposure 2/2 coverings
v v v v v v
Forbidden: pork, pork products, gelatin, ETOH (including extracts)
v v v v v v v
Halal diet-CORRECT ANSWER -Muslim/Islamic law.
v v v v v v
v Fasting common v
Women have decreased sun exposure 2/2 coverings
v v v v v v
Forbidden: pork, pork products, gelatin, ETOH (including extracts)
v v v v v v v
Macrobioticdiet - CORRECT ANSWER-Avoidanimal products includingdairy, eggs, coffee, sugar,
v v v v v v v v v v v v
poultry, and processed foods.
v v v v
No "nightshadevegetables" includingpotato,peppers and eggplant Diet
v v v v v v v v
may be deficient in protein, iron, zinc, vitamin B12 and calcium
v v v v v v v v v v v
,50-60% from whole grains, 25-30% from veg, remaining from beans, seaweed, soups
v v v v v v v v v v v
Seventh-DayAdventist:- CORRECT ANSWER -Lacto-ovo vegetariandiet v v v v v v v
v Avoid overeating
v
Snacking discouraged v
Strong seasonings avoided
v v
Avoid: beef, lamb, pork, chicken, seafood, coffee, tea and alcohol Diet
v v v v v v v v v v
may be deficient in protein, iron, zinc, vitamin B12 and calcium
v v v v v v v v v v v
Cultural-The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter -DaySaints (Mormons) - CORRECT ANSWER - forbidden:
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
ETOH, hot drinks (coffee-tea), caffeine
v v v v v
Church encouraged limited meat consumption and to eat mostly grains
v v v v v v v v v
v Some fast 1 day per month and donate food money to the poor
v v v v v v v v v v v v
Nausea and vomiting - anticipatory - CORRECT ANSWER -occurs prior to the beginning of a new cycle
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
of chemotherapy. This occurs after the patient has experienced N&V from an earlier
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
chemotherapy treatment.
v v
Nausea and vomiting-acute - CORRECT ANSWER -occurs during the first 24-hours after
v v v v v v v v v v v
chemotherapy.
v
Nausea and vomiting- delayed - CORRECT ANSWER -occurs more than 24 hours after chemotherapy.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Patients at highest risk for delayed N&V include those receiving cyclophosphamide, cisplatin,
v v v v v v v v v v v v
doxorubicin and ifosfamide.
v v v
Chemotherapy agents are categorized according to their potential to induce nausea & vomiting.
v v v v v v v v v v v v
- CORRECT ANSWER -High risk >90% v v v v
Moderate risk 30-90% v v
, Low risk 10-30%
v v
Minimal risk <10% v v
Chemo - Highly emetogenic: CCCMD - CORRECT ANSWER -Cisplatin
v v v v v v v v
v Mechlorethamine
Cyclophosphamide>1500mg/m2 v
v Carmustine
Dacarbazine
Chemo - Moderate emetogenic: CCDDEIIIO - CORRECT ANSWER -Oxaliplatin
v v v v v v v v
v Cytarabine >1gm/m2 v
Carboplatin
Ifosfamide
v
Cyclophosphamide<1500mg/m2 v
v Doxorubicin
Daunorubicin
Epirubicin
v
Idarubicin
v
Irinotecan
v
Chemo- Lowemetogenic:CDEGMMPT - CORRECT ANSWER -Paclitaxel
v v v v v v v
v Docetaxel
Topotecan
Etoposide
v
Methotrexate
v
Mitomycin
v
ANSWERS 2025/2026 v v
Cancer cachexia - CORRECT ANSWER -per sample test question:temporal wasting, depleted fat
v v v v v v v v v v v
stores, profound anorexia
v v v
Multifactorial syndrome characterized by ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass, anorexia, early
v v v v v v v v v v v
satiety,wt loss, anemia,edema,fatigue, possiblemetabolic alterations, increased inflammatory
v v v v v v v v v v v
markers and progressive functional impairment.
v v v v v
Pathophysiologycharacterized bynegativeprotein energybalancedrivenbyvariable combination
v v v v v v v v v v
of reduced food intake and abnormal metabolism
v v v v v v v
Cytokines - CORRECT ANSWER -protein mediators produced by inflammatory cells in response to
v v v v v v v v v v v v
exogenous stimuli, produce metabolic changes & wasting
v v v v v v v
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) - CORRECT ANSWER -a disease caused by the immune response v v v v v v v v v v v v
of histoincompatible, immunocompetent donor cells against the tissues of an
v v v v v v v v v v
immunoincompetent host; an immuniologic reaction of allogeneic donor cells (graft) reacting
v v v v v v v v v v v
against the pt (host) tissues
v v v v v
Evidenced by icterus & abnormal liver functions, severe /secretory diarrhea - may need total bowel
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
rest --> isomotic, low residue, lactose-free diet --> solids with low lactose, fiber, fat & acideity,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
gastric irritants --> regular diet
v v v v v
- usually 3 onths after transplant (but may be 7-10 days post)
v v v v v v v v v v
GVHD - CORRECT ANSWER -a disease caused by the immune response of histoincompatible,
v v v v v v v v v v v v
immunocompetent donor cells against the tissues of an immunoincompetent host; an
v v v v v v v v v v v
immuniologic reaction of allogeneic donor cells (graft) reacting against the pt (host) tissues
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Evidenced by icterus & abnormal liver functions, severe /secretory diarrhea - may need total bowel
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
rest --> isomotic, low residue, lactose-free diet --> solids with low lactose, fiber, fat & acideity,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
gastric irritants --> regular diet
v v v v v
,- usually 3 onths after transplant (but may be 7-10 days post)
v v v v v v v v v v
Neutropenia - CORRECT ANSWER -a reduction of WBC (neutrophils) that can be caused by chemo or
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
XRT, results in increased susceptibility to life-threatening infections
v v v v v v v v
Pancytopenia - CORRECT ANSWER -a reduction in all cellular elements of the blood v v v v v v v v v v v v
Progression - CORRECT ANSWER -the phase in which tumor cells aggregate, grow autonomously and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
form benign tumors that eventually lead to malignant phenotype with the capacity for tissue
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
invasion & mets
v v v
Xerostomia - CORRECT ANSWER -mouth dryness v v v v v
Halal diet-CORRECT ANSWER -Muslim/Islamic law.
v v v v v v
v Fasting common v
Women have decreased sun exposure 2/2 coverings
v v v v v v
Forbidden: pork, pork products, gelatin, ETOH (including extracts)
v v v v v v v
Halal diet-CORRECT ANSWER -Muslim/Islamic law.
v v v v v v
v Fasting common v
Women have decreased sun exposure 2/2 coverings
v v v v v v
Forbidden: pork, pork products, gelatin, ETOH (including extracts)
v v v v v v v
Macrobioticdiet - CORRECT ANSWER-Avoidanimal products includingdairy, eggs, coffee, sugar,
v v v v v v v v v v v v
poultry, and processed foods.
v v v v
No "nightshadevegetables" includingpotato,peppers and eggplant Diet
v v v v v v v v
may be deficient in protein, iron, zinc, vitamin B12 and calcium
v v v v v v v v v v v
,50-60% from whole grains, 25-30% from veg, remaining from beans, seaweed, soups
v v v v v v v v v v v
Seventh-DayAdventist:- CORRECT ANSWER -Lacto-ovo vegetariandiet v v v v v v v
v Avoid overeating
v
Snacking discouraged v
Strong seasonings avoided
v v
Avoid: beef, lamb, pork, chicken, seafood, coffee, tea and alcohol Diet
v v v v v v v v v v
may be deficient in protein, iron, zinc, vitamin B12 and calcium
v v v v v v v v v v v
Cultural-The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter -DaySaints (Mormons) - CORRECT ANSWER - forbidden:
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
ETOH, hot drinks (coffee-tea), caffeine
v v v v v
Church encouraged limited meat consumption and to eat mostly grains
v v v v v v v v v
v Some fast 1 day per month and donate food money to the poor
v v v v v v v v v v v v
Nausea and vomiting - anticipatory - CORRECT ANSWER -occurs prior to the beginning of a new cycle
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
of chemotherapy. This occurs after the patient has experienced N&V from an earlier
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
chemotherapy treatment.
v v
Nausea and vomiting-acute - CORRECT ANSWER -occurs during the first 24-hours after
v v v v v v v v v v v
chemotherapy.
v
Nausea and vomiting- delayed - CORRECT ANSWER -occurs more than 24 hours after chemotherapy.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Patients at highest risk for delayed N&V include those receiving cyclophosphamide, cisplatin,
v v v v v v v v v v v v
doxorubicin and ifosfamide.
v v v
Chemotherapy agents are categorized according to their potential to induce nausea & vomiting.
v v v v v v v v v v v v
- CORRECT ANSWER -High risk >90% v v v v
Moderate risk 30-90% v v
, Low risk 10-30%
v v
Minimal risk <10% v v
Chemo - Highly emetogenic: CCCMD - CORRECT ANSWER -Cisplatin
v v v v v v v v
v Mechlorethamine
Cyclophosphamide>1500mg/m2 v
v Carmustine
Dacarbazine
Chemo - Moderate emetogenic: CCDDEIIIO - CORRECT ANSWER -Oxaliplatin
v v v v v v v v
v Cytarabine >1gm/m2 v
Carboplatin
Ifosfamide
v
Cyclophosphamide<1500mg/m2 v
v Doxorubicin
Daunorubicin
Epirubicin
v
Idarubicin
v
Irinotecan
v
Chemo- Lowemetogenic:CDEGMMPT - CORRECT ANSWER -Paclitaxel
v v v v v v v
v Docetaxel
Topotecan
Etoposide
v
Methotrexate
v
Mitomycin
v
