Educational Psychology and
Inclusion EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
100% PASS
What is inclusion according to Lipsky & Gartner (1996)? - CORRECT ANSWER-
How a school is adapted and re-organised (curricular, staffing etc) to accept the
enrolment of and ensure the academic and social inclusion of children.
Hehir et al (2016) - CORRECT ANSWER-Shared empirical evidence that
inclusion supports in improving quality of life, relationships and the opportunity to
participate fully.
What is inclusive practise? - CORRECT ANSWER-All learners:
- being able to access mainstream education
- learning feeling valued and welcome
- receiving the right support to develop their talents and achieve their goals.
,What does Ainslow say about inclusion (2024)? - CORRECT ANSWER-There is a
difference between accessing mainstream education and feeling valued and
engaged.
What is the Salamanca Statement 1994? - CORRECT ANSWER-92 different
countries signed up to this statement that stated to enrol all children in regular
schools unless there is a compelling reasons for doing otherwise.
What does UNESCO say about inclusion? - CORRECT ANSWER-Inclusion and
participation are essential to human dignity and to the enjoyment and exercise of
human rights.
What barriers did UNESCO identify to ensuring 'every child has a right to an
appropriate education of high quality?' - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Differing
definitions of inclusion
2. Lack of teacher support
3. Limited data
4. Inappropriate infrastrutture
5. Parallel education systems (special schools, private settings)
6. lack of support, political, community
7. Inconsistency in policy and law
© 2026 Copyright. All Rights Reserved. This document is
protected by copyright law
, What is the hierarchy of inclusion (Fredericton and Cline, 2015) - CORRECT
ANSWER-A. Placement of C & YP with SEN in mainstream classrooms. - lowest
level (most common in schools.)
B. Meeting social &/ or academic needs of C& YP with SEN.
C. Meeting social & / or academic needs of all pupils despite challenges relating to
poverty, cultural difference etc.
D. Creation of communities in & out of education characterised by equity, care,
valuing diversity. (the ideal)
What are systematic barriers to inclusion? - CORRECT ANSWER-- teacher
confidence in their ability to include, such as instructional and motivational
strategies.
- staff attitudes to SEN and disability.
- leadership attitudes to inclusion
- school behaviour system e.g., ladder system
- availability of resources to support classroom teachers (e.g., TAs).
- peer attitudes to SEN and disability
- external accountability, measurements of school e.g., exam league tables, OFSted.
Inclusion EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
100% PASS
What is inclusion according to Lipsky & Gartner (1996)? - CORRECT ANSWER-
How a school is adapted and re-organised (curricular, staffing etc) to accept the
enrolment of and ensure the academic and social inclusion of children.
Hehir et al (2016) - CORRECT ANSWER-Shared empirical evidence that
inclusion supports in improving quality of life, relationships and the opportunity to
participate fully.
What is inclusive practise? - CORRECT ANSWER-All learners:
- being able to access mainstream education
- learning feeling valued and welcome
- receiving the right support to develop their talents and achieve their goals.
,What does Ainslow say about inclusion (2024)? - CORRECT ANSWER-There is a
difference between accessing mainstream education and feeling valued and
engaged.
What is the Salamanca Statement 1994? - CORRECT ANSWER-92 different
countries signed up to this statement that stated to enrol all children in regular
schools unless there is a compelling reasons for doing otherwise.
What does UNESCO say about inclusion? - CORRECT ANSWER-Inclusion and
participation are essential to human dignity and to the enjoyment and exercise of
human rights.
What barriers did UNESCO identify to ensuring 'every child has a right to an
appropriate education of high quality?' - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Differing
definitions of inclusion
2. Lack of teacher support
3. Limited data
4. Inappropriate infrastrutture
5. Parallel education systems (special schools, private settings)
6. lack of support, political, community
7. Inconsistency in policy and law
© 2026 Copyright. All Rights Reserved. This document is
protected by copyright law
, What is the hierarchy of inclusion (Fredericton and Cline, 2015) - CORRECT
ANSWER-A. Placement of C & YP with SEN in mainstream classrooms. - lowest
level (most common in schools.)
B. Meeting social &/ or academic needs of C& YP with SEN.
C. Meeting social & / or academic needs of all pupils despite challenges relating to
poverty, cultural difference etc.
D. Creation of communities in & out of education characterised by equity, care,
valuing diversity. (the ideal)
What are systematic barriers to inclusion? - CORRECT ANSWER-- teacher
confidence in their ability to include, such as instructional and motivational
strategies.
- staff attitudes to SEN and disability.
- leadership attitudes to inclusion
- school behaviour system e.g., ladder system
- availability of resources to support classroom teachers (e.g., TAs).
- peer attitudes to SEN and disability
- external accountability, measurements of school e.g., exam league tables, OFSted.
