BCH5413 TEST BANK 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ 1. In the experiment described that supports DNA as the genetic
material:
b.
What was the only scenario in which the mouse lives? Why? Answer: --
When DNA of the S strain was destroyed
-- DNA that caused the virulence factors is destroyed = no function
◉ 2. What were the contributions of Wilkins, Franklin, Watson, and
Crick to the discovery of the structure of DNA? Answer: Wilkins +
Franklin = crystal X pattern of helix
Watson + Crick = model of DNA structure
◉ 3. Based on the carbon numbering system for the sugar (1 - 5) that
makes up DNA, describe the main component that is attached to each
carbon and why it is important to the structure of DNA.. Answer: The
next 5 questions are for this...
,◉ 3. In DNA, C1 is bonded to...
This is important because.... Answer: -- a nitrogenous base (adenine,
guanine, cytosine, or thymine)
-- this allows the nitrogenous bases to form hydrogen bonds
-- A-T
-- C-G
between the 5`-3` strand and the 3`-5` strand
◉ 3. In DNA, C2 is bonded to...
This is important because.... Answer: H
Importance - C2 does not have a hydroxyl group, which distinguishes it
from RNA.
◉ 3. In DNA, C3 is bonded to...
This is important because.... Answer: OH
,Importance - The C3 of one sugar forms a phosphodiester bond with the
5` phosphate of another sugar.
--- makes phosphodiester chain
◉ 4. In DNA, C4 is bonded to.... Answer: C5
◉ 5. In DNA, C5 is bonded to...
This is important because.... Answer: phosphate
Importance - The C5 can be the lead sugar or form phosphodiester bonds
with the C3 of a second sugar.
-- This gives DNA the 5` to 3` linkage.
◉ 4. Describe why DNA has directionality.. Answer: -- 5' end = free
phosphate group
-- 3' end = free hydroxyl (OH) group
-- DNA is always synthesized in the 5'-to-3' direction = added only to the
3' end of the growing strand
-- G forms 3 hydrogen bonds to C
, -- A forms 2 hydrogen bonds to T
-- Sequence of DNA has an effect on the structure.
◉ 5. What is the meaning of the term antiparallel in the structure of
DNA? Answer: -- orientation is opposite
-- 5' - 3' polarities are in opposite directions
◉ 6. What does the Meselson and Stahl experiment confirm? Answer: --
complementary base pairing allows us to move that information to the
next generation of DNA
-- semi-conservative model
◉ 7. True/False:
a.
The major groove is the structure of DNA that allows for more
specificity in binding proteins. Answer: TRUE
-- minor groove = less specific
◉ 7. True/ False:
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ 1. In the experiment described that supports DNA as the genetic
material:
b.
What was the only scenario in which the mouse lives? Why? Answer: --
When DNA of the S strain was destroyed
-- DNA that caused the virulence factors is destroyed = no function
◉ 2. What were the contributions of Wilkins, Franklin, Watson, and
Crick to the discovery of the structure of DNA? Answer: Wilkins +
Franklin = crystal X pattern of helix
Watson + Crick = model of DNA structure
◉ 3. Based on the carbon numbering system for the sugar (1 - 5) that
makes up DNA, describe the main component that is attached to each
carbon and why it is important to the structure of DNA.. Answer: The
next 5 questions are for this...
,◉ 3. In DNA, C1 is bonded to...
This is important because.... Answer: -- a nitrogenous base (adenine,
guanine, cytosine, or thymine)
-- this allows the nitrogenous bases to form hydrogen bonds
-- A-T
-- C-G
between the 5`-3` strand and the 3`-5` strand
◉ 3. In DNA, C2 is bonded to...
This is important because.... Answer: H
Importance - C2 does not have a hydroxyl group, which distinguishes it
from RNA.
◉ 3. In DNA, C3 is bonded to...
This is important because.... Answer: OH
,Importance - The C3 of one sugar forms a phosphodiester bond with the
5` phosphate of another sugar.
--- makes phosphodiester chain
◉ 4. In DNA, C4 is bonded to.... Answer: C5
◉ 5. In DNA, C5 is bonded to...
This is important because.... Answer: phosphate
Importance - The C5 can be the lead sugar or form phosphodiester bonds
with the C3 of a second sugar.
-- This gives DNA the 5` to 3` linkage.
◉ 4. Describe why DNA has directionality.. Answer: -- 5' end = free
phosphate group
-- 3' end = free hydroxyl (OH) group
-- DNA is always synthesized in the 5'-to-3' direction = added only to the
3' end of the growing strand
-- G forms 3 hydrogen bonds to C
, -- A forms 2 hydrogen bonds to T
-- Sequence of DNA has an effect on the structure.
◉ 5. What is the meaning of the term antiparallel in the structure of
DNA? Answer: -- orientation is opposite
-- 5' - 3' polarities are in opposite directions
◉ 6. What does the Meselson and Stahl experiment confirm? Answer: --
complementary base pairing allows us to move that information to the
next generation of DNA
-- semi-conservative model
◉ 7. True/False:
a.
The major groove is the structure of DNA that allows for more
specificity in binding proteins. Answer: TRUE
-- minor groove = less specific
◉ 7. True/ False:
