SOLUTION MANUAL FOR
#z #z
Statistics for Nursing Research: A Workbook for Evidence-Based Practice 3rd Edition by Susan K.
#z #z #z #z #z #z #z #z #z #z #z #z #z
Grove
#z #z
FULL TEST BANK!!!
#z #z
,Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Graded
#z #z #z #z #z #z
#z #z
Measurement: Nominal,
#z #z
#z
# z
1
#z
The #z questions # z are #z in #z bold #zfollowed #z by #z answers.
1. In #zTable #z1, #zidentify #zthe #zlevel #zof #zmeasurement #zfor #zthe #zcurrent #ztherapy #zvariable.
#zProvide #za #zrationale #zfor #zyour #zanswer.
Answer: #zThe #zcurrent #ztherapy #zvariable #zwas #zmeasured #zat #zthe #znominal #zlevel. #zThese #zdrug
#zcategories #z were #zprobably #zdeveloped #zto #zbe #zexhaustive #zfor #zthis #zstudy #zand #zincluded #zthe
#zcategories #zof #zdrugs #zthe #zsubjects #zwere #zreceiving. #zHowever, #zthe #zcategories #zare #znot
#zexclusive, #z since #zpatients #zare #zusually #zon #z more #z than #z one #zcategory #z of #zthese #z drugs #z to
#z manage #z their #z health #z problems. #z The #zcurrent #z therapies #zare #znot #zmeasured #zat #zthe #zordinal
#zlevel #zbecause #zthey #zcannot #zbe #zrank #zordered, #zsince #zno #zdrug #zcategory #z can #z be #zconsidered
#z more #z or #z less #z beneficial #z than #z another #z drug #z category #z(see #zFigure #z 1-1; #z Grove #z & #z Gray,
#z 2019).
2. What # z is # z the # z mode # z for # z the # z current # z therapy # z variable # z in # z this # z study?
# z Provide # z a # z rationale # z for #zyour #zanswer.
Answer: #zThe #z mode #z for #zcurrent #z therapy #z was #z β #zblocker. #zA #z total #z of #z 100 #z(94%) #z of #zthe #zcardiac
#z patients
were # z receiving # z this # z category # z of # z drug, # z which # z was # z the # z most # z common # z prescribed
# z drug # z for # z this #z sample.
3. What #zstatistics #zwere #zconducted #zto #zdescribe #zthe #zBMI #zof #zthe #zcardiac #zpatients #zin #zthis
#zsample? #zDiscuss # z whether # z these # z analysis # z techniques # z were # z appropriate # z or
# z inappropriate.
Answer: #zBMI #zwas #zdescribed #zwith #za #zmean #zand #zstandard #zdeviation #z(SD). #zBMI #zmeasurement
#zresulted # z in #zratio-level # z data # z with # z continuous # z values # z and # z an # z absolute # z zero
# z (Stone # z & # z Frazier, # z 2017). # z Ratio- #zlevel #zdata #zshould #zbe #zanalyzed #zwith #zparametric
#zstatistics #zsuch #zas #zthe #zmean #zand #zSD #z(Grove #z& #zGray, #z2017; #zKnapp, #z2017).
4. Researchers #zused #zthe #zfollowing #zitem #zto #zmeasure #zregistered #znurses’ #z(RNs) #zincome #zin #za
#zstudy: # z What #z category #z identifies #z your #z current #zincome #zas #z an #z RN?
a. Less #z than # z $50,000
b. $50,000 # z to #z 59,999
c. $60,000 #z to #z 69,999
d. $70,000 # z to # z 80,000
e. $80,000 # z or #z greater
What # z level # z of # z measurement # z is # z this # z income # z variable? # z Does # z the # z income
# z variable # z follow # z the #zrules # z outlined #zin # z Figure # z 1-1? # z Provide # z a #zrationale # z for
# z your # z answer.
Answer: #zIn #zthis #zexample, #zthe #zincome #zvariable #zis #zmeasured #zat #zthe #zordinal #zlevel. #zThe #zincome
,#z catego- #zries # z are # z exhaustive, # z ranging # z from # z less # z than # z $50,000 # z to # z greater # z than # z $80,000.
# z The # z two # z open-ended
categories #zensure #zthat #zall #zsalary #zlevels #zare #zcovered. #zThe #zcategories #zare #znot #zexclusive, #zsince
#zcatego- #zries #z(d) #zand #z (e) #zinclude #zan #z $80,000 #zsalary, #z so #zstudy #z participants #z making
#z $80,000 #z might #z mark #z either #z(d) #z or #z(e) #z or #z both #z categories, #zresulting #z in #zerroneous #z data.
#z Category #z(e) #z could #z be #z changed # z to #z greater #zthan #z $80,000, #z making #zthe #z categories
#z exclusive. #z The #z categories #z can #z be #zrank #z ordered #zfrom #zthe #z lowest #zsalary #z to #z the #z highest
#z salary, #z which #z is #z consistent #z with #z ordinal #z data #z(Grove #z & #z Gray, #z 2019; #z Waltz #z et #zal.,
#z 2017).
5. What #z level # z of #z measurement #z is #zthe #z CDS #z score? #z Provide #z a #z rationale #z for #z your #z answer.
Answer: #zThe #zCDS #zscore #zis #zat #zthe #zinterval #zlevel #zof #zmeasurement. #zThe #zCDS #zis #za #z26-
item #zLikert #zscale #zdeveloped #zto #zmeasure #zdepression #zin #zcardiac #zpatients. #zStudy
#z participants #zrated #z their #z symp- #z toms #z on #z a #z scale #z of #z 1 #z to #z 7, #z with #z higher #z numbers
#z indicating #z increased #zseverity #zin #zthe #z depression #z symptoms. #z The #z total #z scores #zfor #z each
#z subject #z obtained #zfrom #z this #z multi-item #zscale #zare #z considered #z to #z be #zat #z the #z interval #z level
#z of #z measurement #z(Gray #z et #zal., #z 2017; #z Waltz #z et #zal., #z 2017).
6. Were #znonparametric # z or #zparametric #zanalysis #ztechniques #zused #zto #zanalyze #zthe #zCDS
#zscores #zfor # z the # z cardiac # z patients # z in #zthis # z study? # z Provide # z a # z rationale # z for # z your
# z answer.
Answer: # z Parametric # z statistics, # z such # z as # z mean # z and # z SD, # z were # z conducted # z to
# z describe # z CDS # z scores #zfor #zstudy #zparticipants #z(see #zTable #z1). #zCDS #zscores #zare #zinterval-level
#zdata #zas #zindicated #zin #zQuestions #z5, #zso #zparametric #zstatistics #zare #zappropriate #zfor #zthis #zlevel #zof
#zdata #z(Gray #zet #zal., #z2017; #zKim #z& #zMallory, #z2017).
7. Is # z the # z prevalence # z of # z depression # z linked # z to # z the # z NYHA # z class? # z Discuss # z the
# z clinical # z importance #zof #zthis #zresult.
Answer: # z The # z study # z narrative # z indicated # z that # z the # z prevalence # z of # z depression
# z increased # z with # z the #zgreater #zNYHA #zclass. #zIn #zNYHA #zclass #zIII, #z64% #zof #zthe #zsubjects #zwere
#zdepressed, #zwhereas #z11% #zof #zthe #zsubjects #zwere #zdepressed #zin #zNYHA #zclass #zI. #zThus, #zas #zthe
#zNYHA #zclass #zincreased, #zthe #znumber #zof #zsub- #zjects #zwith #zdepression #zincreased. #zThis #zis #zan
#zexpected #zfinding #zbecause #zas #zthe #zNYHA #zclass #zincreases, #zcardiac #zpatients #zhave #zmore #zsevere
#zphysical #zsymptoms, #zwhich #zusually #zresult #zin #zemotional #zdistress, #zsuch #zas #zdepression. #zNurses
#zneed #zto #zactively #zassess #zcardiac #zpatients #zfor #zdepression, #zespecially #zthose # z in # z higher
# z NYHA # z classes, # z so # z they # z might # z be # z diagnosed # z and # z treated # z as # z needed.
8. What # z frequency # z and # z percent # z of # z cardiac # z patients # z in # z this # z study # z were # z not
# z being # z treated # z with #zan #zantidepressant? #zShow #zyour #zcalculations #zand #zround #zyour
#zanswer #zto #zthe #znearest #zwhole #zpercent #z(%).
Answer: #zA #ztotal # z of # z 106 # z cardiac # z patients # z participated # z in # z this # z study.
# z The # z sample # z included #z 15 #z patients #z who #z were #zreceiving #z an #z antidepressant #z(see
#z Table #z 1). #zThe # z number # z of # z cardiac # z patients # z not # z treated # z for # z depression # z was # z 91
# z (106 # z – # z 15 # z = #z91). # z The # z group # z percent # z is # z calculated #z by # z the # z following
# z formula: # z (group # z frequency # z ÷ #ztotal # z sample # z size) # z × #z100%. # z For # z this # z study,
#z(91 #z patients #z÷ #z106 #zsample #zsize) #z× #z100% #z = #z0.858 #z× #z100% #z= #z85.8% #z= #z86%.
#z The # z final #z answer # z is # z rounded # z to #z the # z nearest # z whole # z percent # z as # z directed # z in
#z the # z question. # z You # z could # z have #z also #z subtracted #z the #z 14% #z of #z patients #z treated #z with
#z antidepressants #zfrom #z 100% #z and #z obtained #z the #z 86% #z who #z were #z not #z treated #z with #z an
#z antidepressant.
9. What #zwas #zthe #zpurpose #zof #zthe #z6-minute #zwalk #ztest #z(6MWT)? #zWould #zthe #z6MWT #zbe
#zuseful #zin #zclinical #zpractice?
Answer: #zHa #zet #zal. #z(2018) #zstated, #z“The #z6-min #zwalk #ztest #z(6MWT) #zis #za #zmeasure #zof #zthe
#zsubmaximal, #z steady-state #zfunctional #z capacity” #z of #z cardiac #z patients. #z This #z test #z would #z be #z a
#z quick, #z easy #z way #z to #z determine #z a #z cardiac #z patient’s #zfunctional #zstatus #zin #z a #z clinical
# z setting. # z This # z functional # z status #z score # z could # z be # z used # z to # z determine # z the
# z treatment # z plan # z to # z promote # z or # z maintain # z functional # z status #z of #zcardiac #z patients.
, 1-1
AG #z1-2 Answer #zGuidelines #zfor #zQuestions #zto #zBe #zGraded
10. How was exercise confidence measured in this study? What was the level of measurement
for the exercise confidence variable in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Answer: Exercise confidence of the patients with heart failure (HF) in this study was measured
with the Exercise Confidence Scale that included four subscales focused on walking, climbing,
lifting objects of graded weight, and running (see the study narrative). This was a rating scale
with values ranging from 0 to 100. The patients’ scores for the Total Exercise Confidence scale
and the subscales were considered interval-level data and analyzed with parametric statistics,
such as means and SDs (see the study narrative; Waltz et al., 2017).
#z #z
Statistics for Nursing Research: A Workbook for Evidence-Based Practice 3rd Edition by Susan K.
#z #z #z #z #z #z #z #z #z #z #z #z #z
Grove
#z #z
FULL TEST BANK!!!
#z #z
,Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Graded
#z #z #z #z #z #z
#z #z
Measurement: Nominal,
#z #z
#z
# z
1
#z
The #z questions # z are #z in #z bold #zfollowed #z by #z answers.
1. In #zTable #z1, #zidentify #zthe #zlevel #zof #zmeasurement #zfor #zthe #zcurrent #ztherapy #zvariable.
#zProvide #za #zrationale #zfor #zyour #zanswer.
Answer: #zThe #zcurrent #ztherapy #zvariable #zwas #zmeasured #zat #zthe #znominal #zlevel. #zThese #zdrug
#zcategories #z were #zprobably #zdeveloped #zto #zbe #zexhaustive #zfor #zthis #zstudy #zand #zincluded #zthe
#zcategories #zof #zdrugs #zthe #zsubjects #zwere #zreceiving. #zHowever, #zthe #zcategories #zare #znot
#zexclusive, #z since #zpatients #zare #zusually #zon #z more #z than #z one #zcategory #z of #zthese #z drugs #z to
#z manage #z their #z health #z problems. #z The #zcurrent #z therapies #zare #znot #zmeasured #zat #zthe #zordinal
#zlevel #zbecause #zthey #zcannot #zbe #zrank #zordered, #zsince #zno #zdrug #zcategory #z can #z be #zconsidered
#z more #z or #z less #z beneficial #z than #z another #z drug #z category #z(see #zFigure #z 1-1; #z Grove #z & #z Gray,
#z 2019).
2. What # z is # z the # z mode # z for # z the # z current # z therapy # z variable # z in # z this # z study?
# z Provide # z a # z rationale # z for #zyour #zanswer.
Answer: #zThe #z mode #z for #zcurrent #z therapy #z was #z β #zblocker. #zA #z total #z of #z 100 #z(94%) #z of #zthe #zcardiac
#z patients
were # z receiving # z this # z category # z of # z drug, # z which # z was # z the # z most # z common # z prescribed
# z drug # z for # z this #z sample.
3. What #zstatistics #zwere #zconducted #zto #zdescribe #zthe #zBMI #zof #zthe #zcardiac #zpatients #zin #zthis
#zsample? #zDiscuss # z whether # z these # z analysis # z techniques # z were # z appropriate # z or
# z inappropriate.
Answer: #zBMI #zwas #zdescribed #zwith #za #zmean #zand #zstandard #zdeviation #z(SD). #zBMI #zmeasurement
#zresulted # z in #zratio-level # z data # z with # z continuous # z values # z and # z an # z absolute # z zero
# z (Stone # z & # z Frazier, # z 2017). # z Ratio- #zlevel #zdata #zshould #zbe #zanalyzed #zwith #zparametric
#zstatistics #zsuch #zas #zthe #zmean #zand #zSD #z(Grove #z& #zGray, #z2017; #zKnapp, #z2017).
4. Researchers #zused #zthe #zfollowing #zitem #zto #zmeasure #zregistered #znurses’ #z(RNs) #zincome #zin #za
#zstudy: # z What #z category #z identifies #z your #z current #zincome #zas #z an #z RN?
a. Less #z than # z $50,000
b. $50,000 # z to #z 59,999
c. $60,000 #z to #z 69,999
d. $70,000 # z to # z 80,000
e. $80,000 # z or #z greater
What # z level # z of # z measurement # z is # z this # z income # z variable? # z Does # z the # z income
# z variable # z follow # z the #zrules # z outlined #zin # z Figure # z 1-1? # z Provide # z a #zrationale # z for
# z your # z answer.
Answer: #zIn #zthis #zexample, #zthe #zincome #zvariable #zis #zmeasured #zat #zthe #zordinal #zlevel. #zThe #zincome
,#z catego- #zries # z are # z exhaustive, # z ranging # z from # z less # z than # z $50,000 # z to # z greater # z than # z $80,000.
# z The # z two # z open-ended
categories #zensure #zthat #zall #zsalary #zlevels #zare #zcovered. #zThe #zcategories #zare #znot #zexclusive, #zsince
#zcatego- #zries #z(d) #zand #z (e) #zinclude #zan #z $80,000 #zsalary, #z so #zstudy #z participants #z making
#z $80,000 #z might #z mark #z either #z(d) #z or #z(e) #z or #z both #z categories, #zresulting #z in #zerroneous #z data.
#z Category #z(e) #z could #z be #z changed # z to #z greater #zthan #z $80,000, #z making #zthe #z categories
#z exclusive. #z The #z categories #z can #z be #zrank #z ordered #zfrom #zthe #z lowest #zsalary #z to #z the #z highest
#z salary, #z which #z is #z consistent #z with #z ordinal #z data #z(Grove #z & #z Gray, #z 2019; #z Waltz #z et #zal.,
#z 2017).
5. What #z level # z of #z measurement #z is #zthe #z CDS #z score? #z Provide #z a #z rationale #z for #z your #z answer.
Answer: #zThe #zCDS #zscore #zis #zat #zthe #zinterval #zlevel #zof #zmeasurement. #zThe #zCDS #zis #za #z26-
item #zLikert #zscale #zdeveloped #zto #zmeasure #zdepression #zin #zcardiac #zpatients. #zStudy
#z participants #zrated #z their #z symp- #z toms #z on #z a #z scale #z of #z 1 #z to #z 7, #z with #z higher #z numbers
#z indicating #z increased #zseverity #zin #zthe #z depression #z symptoms. #z The #z total #z scores #zfor #z each
#z subject #z obtained #zfrom #z this #z multi-item #zscale #zare #z considered #z to #z be #zat #z the #z interval #z level
#z of #z measurement #z(Gray #z et #zal., #z 2017; #z Waltz #z et #zal., #z 2017).
6. Were #znonparametric # z or #zparametric #zanalysis #ztechniques #zused #zto #zanalyze #zthe #zCDS
#zscores #zfor # z the # z cardiac # z patients # z in #zthis # z study? # z Provide # z a # z rationale # z for # z your
# z answer.
Answer: # z Parametric # z statistics, # z such # z as # z mean # z and # z SD, # z were # z conducted # z to
# z describe # z CDS # z scores #zfor #zstudy #zparticipants #z(see #zTable #z1). #zCDS #zscores #zare #zinterval-level
#zdata #zas #zindicated #zin #zQuestions #z5, #zso #zparametric #zstatistics #zare #zappropriate #zfor #zthis #zlevel #zof
#zdata #z(Gray #zet #zal., #z2017; #zKim #z& #zMallory, #z2017).
7. Is # z the # z prevalence # z of # z depression # z linked # z to # z the # z NYHA # z class? # z Discuss # z the
# z clinical # z importance #zof #zthis #zresult.
Answer: # z The # z study # z narrative # z indicated # z that # z the # z prevalence # z of # z depression
# z increased # z with # z the #zgreater #zNYHA #zclass. #zIn #zNYHA #zclass #zIII, #z64% #zof #zthe #zsubjects #zwere
#zdepressed, #zwhereas #z11% #zof #zthe #zsubjects #zwere #zdepressed #zin #zNYHA #zclass #zI. #zThus, #zas #zthe
#zNYHA #zclass #zincreased, #zthe #znumber #zof #zsub- #zjects #zwith #zdepression #zincreased. #zThis #zis #zan
#zexpected #zfinding #zbecause #zas #zthe #zNYHA #zclass #zincreases, #zcardiac #zpatients #zhave #zmore #zsevere
#zphysical #zsymptoms, #zwhich #zusually #zresult #zin #zemotional #zdistress, #zsuch #zas #zdepression. #zNurses
#zneed #zto #zactively #zassess #zcardiac #zpatients #zfor #zdepression, #zespecially #zthose # z in # z higher
# z NYHA # z classes, # z so # z they # z might # z be # z diagnosed # z and # z treated # z as # z needed.
8. What # z frequency # z and # z percent # z of # z cardiac # z patients # z in # z this # z study # z were # z not
# z being # z treated # z with #zan #zantidepressant? #zShow #zyour #zcalculations #zand #zround #zyour
#zanswer #zto #zthe #znearest #zwhole #zpercent #z(%).
Answer: #zA #ztotal # z of # z 106 # z cardiac # z patients # z participated # z in # z this # z study.
# z The # z sample # z included #z 15 #z patients #z who #z were #zreceiving #z an #z antidepressant #z(see
#z Table #z 1). #zThe # z number # z of # z cardiac # z patients # z not # z treated # z for # z depression # z was # z 91
# z (106 # z – # z 15 # z = #z91). # z The # z group # z percent # z is # z calculated #z by # z the # z following
# z formula: # z (group # z frequency # z ÷ #ztotal # z sample # z size) # z × #z100%. # z For # z this # z study,
#z(91 #z patients #z÷ #z106 #zsample #zsize) #z× #z100% #z = #z0.858 #z× #z100% #z= #z85.8% #z= #z86%.
#z The # z final #z answer # z is # z rounded # z to #z the # z nearest # z whole # z percent # z as # z directed # z in
#z the # z question. # z You # z could # z have #z also #z subtracted #z the #z 14% #z of #z patients #z treated #z with
#z antidepressants #zfrom #z 100% #z and #z obtained #z the #z 86% #z who #z were #z not #z treated #z with #z an
#z antidepressant.
9. What #zwas #zthe #zpurpose #zof #zthe #z6-minute #zwalk #ztest #z(6MWT)? #zWould #zthe #z6MWT #zbe
#zuseful #zin #zclinical #zpractice?
Answer: #zHa #zet #zal. #z(2018) #zstated, #z“The #z6-min #zwalk #ztest #z(6MWT) #zis #za #zmeasure #zof #zthe
#zsubmaximal, #z steady-state #zfunctional #z capacity” #z of #z cardiac #z patients. #z This #z test #z would #z be #z a
#z quick, #z easy #z way #z to #z determine #z a #z cardiac #z patient’s #zfunctional #zstatus #zin #z a #z clinical
# z setting. # z This # z functional # z status #z score # z could # z be # z used # z to # z determine # z the
# z treatment # z plan # z to # z promote # z or # z maintain # z functional # z status #z of #zcardiac #z patients.
, 1-1
AG #z1-2 Answer #zGuidelines #zfor #zQuestions #zto #zBe #zGraded
10. How was exercise confidence measured in this study? What was the level of measurement
for the exercise confidence variable in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Answer: Exercise confidence of the patients with heart failure (HF) in this study was measured
with the Exercise Confidence Scale that included four subscales focused on walking, climbing,
lifting objects of graded weight, and running (see the study narrative). This was a rating scale
with values ranging from 0 to 100. The patients’ scores for the Total Exercise Confidence scale
and the subscales were considered interval-level data and analyzed with parametric statistics,
such as means and SDs (see the study narrative; Waltz et al., 2017).
