TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 7TH EDITION BY HUETHER-a comprehensive study guide-2026

TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 7TH EDITION BY
HUETHER-a comprehensive study guide-2022
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSsw sw




Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
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Huether: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOIC sw



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1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DN
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A with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
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a. A single circular chromosome
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b. A nucleus sw



c. Free-floating nuclear material sw sw



d. No organelles sw




ANS: B sw



The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nu
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cleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a prokaryo
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te contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
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2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse
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describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy
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?
a. Metabolic absorption sw



b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration

ANS: D sw



The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability in
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volves maintenance of a s t e a dNy dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secre
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tion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
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3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most o
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f the genetic information be contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus cytoplasm sw




ANS: C sw



The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic
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acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-
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binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is
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associated with cellular respiration while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturin
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g. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
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,4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the
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layer itself?
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a. Peripheral membrane proteins sw sw



b. Integral membrane proteins
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c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules
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, ANS: B sw



Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral
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membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the surf
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ace while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoprotein marks
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cells and does not float.
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5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
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a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids sw



d. Ligands

ANS: D sw



Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
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6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in th
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e extracellular matrix would support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer?
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a. Decreased fibronectin sw



b. Increased collagen sw



c. Decreased elastin sw



d. Increased glycoproteins sw




ANS: A sw



Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing the
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m to travel or metastasize.
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7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
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a. Cell junction N sw



b. Gap junction sw



c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction sw




ANS: A sw



Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell. Gap junctions all
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ow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight junctions are associ
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ated with cellular communication.
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8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring
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alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?
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a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A sw



Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,
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destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of glu
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cagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is associated with a local chemical m
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ediator like insulin. sw sw




9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
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a. solute.

, b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.

ANS: B sw



Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product o
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f the reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and
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any of the remaining options.
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10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The
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athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge tha
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t the problem is result of a deficiency of:
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a. GTP.
b. AMP.
c. ATP.
d. GMP.
ANS: C sw



When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are in
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volved in muscle contraction. sw sw sw




11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
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a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle sw sw




ANS: D s
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While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is
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generated during the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.
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12. A nurse is teaching the staff about the phases of cellular catabolism. Which phases should th
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e nurse include?
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a. Digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle sw sw sw sw sw sw sw



b. Diffusion, osmosis, and mediated transport sw sw sw sw



c. S phase, G phase, and M phase
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d. Metabolic absorption, respiration, and excretion sw sw sw sw




ANS: A sw



Only digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle are the phases of cellular catab
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olism.

13. A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following wil
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l facilitate his continued muscle performance?
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a. Electron-transport chain sw



b. Aerobic glycolysis sw



c. Anaerobic glycolysis sw



d. Oxidative phosphorylatio sw




n ANS: C
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