HED4817 Assignment 4 Portfolio (COMPLETE ANSWERS) 2025 - DUE 23 January 2026

HED4817 Assignment 4 Portfolio (COMPLETE ANSWERS) 2025 - DUE 23 January 2026; 100% TRUSTED Complete, trusted solutions and explanations. For assistance, Whats-App 0.6.7-1.7.1-1.7.3.9. Ensure your success with us... 2025 HED4817 SCIENCE EDUCATION ASSIGNMENT NUMBER 04 ASSIGNMENT DUE DATE: 23 JANUARY 2026 ASSIGNMENT TOTAL MARKS: 100 rubric will be used to assess the question (10 Marks) Criteria 3 – 4 2 1 Integration of IKS in Teaching Effectively integrates IKS beliefs about lightning into teaching electrostatics, demonstrating a clear connection between cultural perspectives and scientific principles. Integrates IKS beliefs into teaching electrostatics, but may lack clarity or depth in connecting cultural and scientific perspectives. Attempts to integrate IKS beliefs, but the connection to scientific principles is unclear or superficial. Addressing Misconceptions Skillfully addresses misconceptions from IKS about individuals controlling lightning, using scientific evidence and explanations to correct misunderstandings. Addresses misconceptions from IKS, but explanations may be somewhat lacking in depth or clarity. Addresses misconceptions superficially or fails to provide adequate scientific evidence to correct misunderstandings. Teaching New Concepts Clearly explains new scientific concepts related to electrostatics, ensuring that explanations are accessible and relevant to students' prior knowledge. Explains new scientific concepts adequately, but may not fully relate them to students' prior knowledge or experiences. Explanation of new concepts is unclear or not effectively connected to students' prior knowledge.1.1 Critically discuss the significance of indigenous knowledge in teaching Sciences to Africans. In your discussion, consider addressing the following questions: • What science knowledge did Africans have before the advent of contemporary science? • Were the African science ideas effective in solving problems? • What challenges did Africans face in applying indigenous knowledge in the teaching of science? • What advantages does the use of indigenous knowledge have in the teaching of science? • What stops indigenous knowledge systems from being used in science teaching nowadays? (25) In South Africa, inclusive education is the vehicle to operationalise human rights and social justice in education. The National Development Plan (NDP) identifies inclusive education as a strategic priority for South Africa’s development. Write an article entitled “Understanding inclusive education: Policy and practice” for your school’s website. Your article should include the following. •According to IKS, lightning is a creature that can move from one place to another. Some gifted individuals can instruct it to hit a certain place. As a science teacher teaching Electrostatics, how would you incorporate IKS so that you teach according to scientific theories? Formulate an original working definition of inclusive education focused on (a) policy and (b) practice using the prescribed readings presented in Study Unit 1 (Lessons 1-4) on your module site. Tabulate and discuss five differences between indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) and modern scientific knowledge systems (MSKS). Your discussion must be supported by specific examples supported by literature. What, in your opinion, do schools and teachers need to translate inclusive education policies into practice effectively? Remember: Your definition should be easy for parents and other key role players to understand. Include at least five references in your answer. Your definition should provide a critical synthesis of the scholarship (literature) on the “inclusive education” articulated in seminal texts, including the implementation of… Distinguish between problem and project-based learning in the context of science education. • In your response, focus on the following: • Definitions of the types of learning. • Focus of the two types of learning. • Driving questions for the two types of learning. • The role of teachers • The role of learners • The assessment of learning • Examples of science topics that can be taught using these learning approaches ( the Bill of Rights (Chapter 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996) (ii) White Paper 6 on Special Needs Education: Building an Inclusive Education and Training System, First Steps (Department of Education, 2001). Critically discuss conceptual and procedural knowledge in sciences. Consider the following in your discussion: • Explain conceptual and procedural knowledge. • Provide an example of an episode in a lesson that promotes conceptual knowledge and one that promotes procedural knowledge. Explain why these examples promote the knowledge in question. • Explain how you can assess conceptual and procedural knowledge in a science topic of your choice. The science topic must be clearly stated. (25) Question 2 Teaching science is a complex and a non-linear process. It is a task that requires an integration of knowledge, skills, and pedagogies that stimulates learners’ thinking to promote understanding. Some of the approaches used in science teaching are (i) traditional teaching strategies, (ii) technology enhanced lessons, i.e., simulations, and (iii) hands-on demonstrations. 2.1 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using traditional teaching strategies by highlighting instances where the strategies work effectively and instances where they do not work. Substantiate your answer with reasons. (20) Critically discuss the decolonisation of the science curriculum. In your discussion, consider the following aspects: the definition and goals of decolonisation in education, the challenges and benefits of incorporating indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) into the science curriculum, and strategies for effectively integrating decolonised content into existing science curricula. Use specific examples and evidence from scholarly literature to support your arguments. The current debates on inclusive education highlight the vital role of parents in effectively implementing inclusive education. Write a 300-word (one typed page) essay in which you advocate for increased parental engagement by describing ten (10) practical suggestions for how parents and teachers could work collaboratively in the child's best interest. Remember to find your own additional sources and include them in your reference list. Critically discuss how, as a science teacher, you would assess learners’ knowledge and skills in a group activity. In your discussion, address the following aspects: the types of assessments you would use, the criteria for evaluation, the methods for ensuring individual accountability, and strategies for providing constructive feedback. Use specific examples to illustrate your approach. Suppose you have an option to use simulations and hands on demonstrations in your school to teach science. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both and explain how the shortcomings of one are supplemented by the strength of the other. An in-depth working definition and discussion on inclusive education, containing a critical synthesis of the scholarship (literature) to demonstrate your understanding of inclusive education. Your own working definition of inclusive education Discuss three advantages and three disadvantages of having an indigenous African language as the language of teaching and learning of science. Skillfully addresses misconceptions from IKS about individuals controlling lightning, using scientific evidence and explanations to correct misunderstandings. Addresses misconceptions from IKS, but explanations may be somewhat lacking in depth or clarity. Addresses misconceptions superficially or fails to provide adequate scientific evidence to correct misunderstandings. Teaching New Concepts Clearly explains new scientific concepts related to electrostatics, ensuring that explanations are accessible and relevant to students' prior knowledge. Explains new scientific concepts adequately, but may not fully relate them to students' prior knowledge or experiences. Explanation of new concepts is unclear or not effectively connected to students' prior knowledge.1.1 Critically discuss the significance of indigenous knowledge in teaching Sciences to Africans. In your discussion, consider addressing the following questions: • What science knowledge did Africans have before the advent of contemporary science? • Were the African science ideas effective in solving problems? • What challenges did Africans face in applying indigenous knowledge in the teaching of science? • What advantages does the use of indigenous knowledge have in the teaching of science? • What stops indigenous knowledge systems from being used in science teaching nowadays? (25) In South Africa, inclusive education is the vehicle to operationalise human rights and social justice in education. The National Development Plan (NDP) identifies inclusive education as a strategic priority for South Africa’s development. Write an article entitled “Understanding inclusive education: Policy and practice” for your school’s website. Your article should include the following. •According to IKS, lightning is a creature that can move from one place to another. Some gifted individuals can instruct it to hit a certain place. As a science teacher teaching Electrostatics, how would you incorporate IKS so that you teach according to scientific theories? Formulate an original working definition of inclusive education focused on (a) policy and (b) practice using the prescribed readings presented in Study Unit 1 (Lessons 1-4) on your module site. Tabulate and discuss five differences between indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) and modern scientific knowledge systems (MSKS). Your discussion must be supported by specific examples supported by literature. What, in your opinion, do schools and teachers need to translate inclusive education policies into practice effectively? Remember: Your definition should be easy for parents and other key role players to understand. Include at least five references in your answer. Your definition should provide a critical synthesis of the scholarship (literature) on the “inclusive education” articulated in seminal texts, including the implementation of… Distinguish between problem and project-based learning in the context of science education. • In your response, focus on the following: • Definitions of the types of learning. • Focus of the two types of learning. • Driving questions for the two types of learning. • The role of teachers • The role of learners • The assessment of learning • Examples of science topics that can be taught using these learning approaches ( the Bill of Rights (Chapter 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996) (ii) White Paper 6 on Special Needs Education: Building an Inclusive Education and Training System, First Steps (Department of Education, 2001). Critically discuss conceptual and procedural knowledge in sciences. Consider the following in your discussion: • Explain conceptual and procedural knowledge. • Provide an example of an episode in a lesson that promotes conceptual knowledge and one that promotes procedural knowledge. Explain why these examples promote the knowledge in question. • Explain how you can assess conceptual and procedural knowledge in a science topic of your choice. The science topic must be clearly stated. (25) Question 2 Teaching science is a complex and a non-linear process. It is a task that requires an integration of knowledge, skills, and pedagogies that stimulates learners’ thinking to promote understanding. Some of the approaches used in science teaching are (i) traditional teaching strategies, (ii) technology enhanced lessons, i.e., simulations, and (iii) hands-on demonstrations. 2.1 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using traditional teaching strategies by highlighting instances where the strategies work effectively and instances where they do not work. Substantiate your answer with reasons. (20) Critically discuss the decolonisation of the science curriculum. In your discussion, consider the following aspects: the definition and goals of decolonisation in education, the challenges and benefits of incorporating indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) into the science curriculum, and strategies for effectively integrating decolonised content into existing science curricula. Use specific examples and evidence from scholarly literature to support your arguments. The current debates on inclusive education highlight the vital role of parents in effectively implementing inclusive education. Write a 300-word (one typed page) essay in which you advocate for increased parental engagement by describing ten (10) practical suggestions for how parents and teachers could work collaboratively in the child's best interest. Remember to find your own additional sources and include them in your reference list. Critically discuss how, as a science teacher, you would assess learners’ knowledge and skills in a group activity. In your discussion, address the following aspects: the types of assessments you would use, the criteria for evaluation, the methods for ensuring individual accountability, and strategies for providing constructive feedback. Use specific examples to illustrate your approach. Suppose you have an option to use simulations and hands on demonstrations in your school to teach science. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both and explain how the shortcomings of one are supplemented by the strength of the other. An in-depth working definition and discussion on inclusive education, containing a critical synthesis of the scholarship (literature) to demonstrate your understanding of inclusive education. Your own working definition of inclusive education Discuss three advantages and three disadvantages of having an indigenous African language as the language of teaching and learning of science.