NUR 160 LATEST 2026 REVISION EXAM PAPER QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Potassium (K+) - ✔✔3.5-5.0. Needed for: heart function, acid base balance,
fluid/electrolyte balance, neuromuscular function. Hyperkalemia: Too much in, not
enough out >5.0. Causes: acute renal failure, chronic kidney failure, destruction of red
blood count due to severe burns, excessive K+ supplements. S/S: muscle fatigue,
weakness, cardiac arrhythmia, irritability, paralysis, nausea, death. Hypokalemia: Too
much out, not enough in <3.5. Causes: diabetic ketoacidosis, diarrhea, excessive
alcohol, excessive laxative use, increased sweating, diuretics
✔✔Lasix - ✔✔A medication used to treat fluid retention (edema) in people with
congestive heart failure, liver disease, or a kidney disorder.
✔✔Renal - ✔✔Relating to the kidneys.
✔✔Cardiac arrhythmia - ✔✔Abnormal heart rhythms that can cause the heart to beat
too fast, too slow, or irregularly.
✔✔Sodium (Na+) - ✔✔An electrolyte essential for body functions, with normal levels
between 135-145 mmol/L.
✔✔Hyponatremia - ✔✔Low sodium levels in the blood, typically below 135 mmol/L,
leading to various symptoms like headache and confusion.
✔✔Calcium (Ca+) - ✔✔An essential mineral for muscle contractions, blood clotting, and
nerve impulse transmission, with normal levels between 8.5-10 mg/dL.
✔✔Hypercaclemia - ✔✔High calcium levels in the blood, typically above 10 mg/dL,
causing symptoms like anorexia and confusion.
✔✔Hypocalcemia - ✔✔Low calcium levels in the blood, typically below 8.5 mg/dL,
leading to symptoms like muscle weakness and osteoporosis.
✔✔Magnesium (Mg+) - ✔✔An essential mineral for various bodily functions, with normal
levels between 1.5-2.5 mEq/L.
✔✔Hypermagnesemia - ✔✔High magnesium levels in the blood, typically above 2.5
mEq/L, causing symptoms like hypotension and respiratory depression.
✔✔Hypomagnesemia - ✔✔Low magnesium levels in the blood, typically below 1.5
mEq/L, leading to symptoms like seizures and agitation.
, ✔✔Phosphorous - ✔✔An essential mineral for bone and teeth formation, acid balance,
and neuromuscular function.
✔✔Iron - ✔✔A mineral necessary for hemoglobin production, found in foods like red
meat, shellfish, and leafy green vegetables.
✔✔Protein - ✔✔An essential macronutrient for tissue repair and incisions, commonly
found in foods like eggs, beans, and cheese.
✔✔Water - ✔✔Essential for the human body, with an average adult body consisting of
60% water and a recommended intake of 2-3 liters per day.
✔✔Gas Exchange - ✔✔The process of oxygen entering the body and carbon dioxide
leaving the body through the respiratory system.
✔✔Ventilation - ✔✔The action of breathing, involving inspiration and exhalation.
✔✔Transport - ✔✔The movement of oxygen from the lungs to cells in the body.
✔✔Perfusion - ✔✔The process of oxygen and nutrients being delivered to tissues in the
body.
✔✔COPD - ✔✔Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, a group of lung diseases that
block airflow and make breathing difficult.
✔✔Prednisone - ✔✔A corticosteroid medication that reduces inflammation in the body.
✔✔Ambulation - ✔✔Post-operative care involving getting patients out of bed and
engaging in light activity like sitting, standing, or walking.
✔✔Foley Catheter - ✔✔A flexible tube inserted into the bladder to drain urine, with
specific insertion procedures for males and females.
✔✔Indwelling Foley Catheter - ✔✔A catheter attached to a drainage bag that should not
touch the floor and must be secured to a non-movable part of the bed.
✔✔Coude Catheter - ✔✔A curved-tip catheter used for male patients with Benign
Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH).
✔✔Condom Catheter - ✔✔A catheter for patients with urge and functional incontinence,
allowing urine drainage without a traditional catheter.
✔✔NG Suctioning - ✔✔Care procedure involving checking physician orders, evaluating
patient conditions, and monitoring nasogastric tube drainage.
AND ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Potassium (K+) - ✔✔3.5-5.0. Needed for: heart function, acid base balance,
fluid/electrolyte balance, neuromuscular function. Hyperkalemia: Too much in, not
enough out >5.0. Causes: acute renal failure, chronic kidney failure, destruction of red
blood count due to severe burns, excessive K+ supplements. S/S: muscle fatigue,
weakness, cardiac arrhythmia, irritability, paralysis, nausea, death. Hypokalemia: Too
much out, not enough in <3.5. Causes: diabetic ketoacidosis, diarrhea, excessive
alcohol, excessive laxative use, increased sweating, diuretics
✔✔Lasix - ✔✔A medication used to treat fluid retention (edema) in people with
congestive heart failure, liver disease, or a kidney disorder.
✔✔Renal - ✔✔Relating to the kidneys.
✔✔Cardiac arrhythmia - ✔✔Abnormal heart rhythms that can cause the heart to beat
too fast, too slow, or irregularly.
✔✔Sodium (Na+) - ✔✔An electrolyte essential for body functions, with normal levels
between 135-145 mmol/L.
✔✔Hyponatremia - ✔✔Low sodium levels in the blood, typically below 135 mmol/L,
leading to various symptoms like headache and confusion.
✔✔Calcium (Ca+) - ✔✔An essential mineral for muscle contractions, blood clotting, and
nerve impulse transmission, with normal levels between 8.5-10 mg/dL.
✔✔Hypercaclemia - ✔✔High calcium levels in the blood, typically above 10 mg/dL,
causing symptoms like anorexia and confusion.
✔✔Hypocalcemia - ✔✔Low calcium levels in the blood, typically below 8.5 mg/dL,
leading to symptoms like muscle weakness and osteoporosis.
✔✔Magnesium (Mg+) - ✔✔An essential mineral for various bodily functions, with normal
levels between 1.5-2.5 mEq/L.
✔✔Hypermagnesemia - ✔✔High magnesium levels in the blood, typically above 2.5
mEq/L, causing symptoms like hypotension and respiratory depression.
✔✔Hypomagnesemia - ✔✔Low magnesium levels in the blood, typically below 1.5
mEq/L, leading to symptoms like seizures and agitation.
, ✔✔Phosphorous - ✔✔An essential mineral for bone and teeth formation, acid balance,
and neuromuscular function.
✔✔Iron - ✔✔A mineral necessary for hemoglobin production, found in foods like red
meat, shellfish, and leafy green vegetables.
✔✔Protein - ✔✔An essential macronutrient for tissue repair and incisions, commonly
found in foods like eggs, beans, and cheese.
✔✔Water - ✔✔Essential for the human body, with an average adult body consisting of
60% water and a recommended intake of 2-3 liters per day.
✔✔Gas Exchange - ✔✔The process of oxygen entering the body and carbon dioxide
leaving the body through the respiratory system.
✔✔Ventilation - ✔✔The action of breathing, involving inspiration and exhalation.
✔✔Transport - ✔✔The movement of oxygen from the lungs to cells in the body.
✔✔Perfusion - ✔✔The process of oxygen and nutrients being delivered to tissues in the
body.
✔✔COPD - ✔✔Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, a group of lung diseases that
block airflow and make breathing difficult.
✔✔Prednisone - ✔✔A corticosteroid medication that reduces inflammation in the body.
✔✔Ambulation - ✔✔Post-operative care involving getting patients out of bed and
engaging in light activity like sitting, standing, or walking.
✔✔Foley Catheter - ✔✔A flexible tube inserted into the bladder to drain urine, with
specific insertion procedures for males and females.
✔✔Indwelling Foley Catheter - ✔✔A catheter attached to a drainage bag that should not
touch the floor and must be secured to a non-movable part of the bed.
✔✔Coude Catheter - ✔✔A curved-tip catheter used for male patients with Benign
Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH).
✔✔Condom Catheter - ✔✔A catheter for patients with urge and functional incontinence,
allowing urine drainage without a traditional catheter.
✔✔NG Suctioning - ✔✔Care procedure involving checking physician orders, evaluating
patient conditions, and monitoring nasogastric tube drainage.
