BIOLOGY 101 EVALUATION EXAM TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔If a protein is involved in passive transport across the membrane then the process is
called: - ✔✔facilitated diffusion
✔✔If molecules taken into the cell go from a Low concentration of that substance
outside the cell to a High concentration ([L] to [H]) inside the cell through a carrier
protein, then what is the process called? And what does it need for energy? - ✔✔It is
called ACTIVE transport and needs ATP for energy
✔✔What happens if a red blood cell is put in a HYPOtonic solution? - ✔✔it will swell up
and burst
✔✔What happens if a red blood cell is put in a HYPERtonic solution? - ✔✔it will shrivel
(plasmolysis)
✔✔What happens if a plant cell is put in a HYPOtonic solution? - ✔✔it will become rigid
since the central vacuole creates TURGOR PRESSURE pushing against the cell wall
which prevents wilting
✔✔What are two examples of ENDOCYTOSIS? What do they do? What do they
require? - ✔✔1. Phagocytosis (which means "cell eating") takes in LARGE molecules or
cells
2. Pinocytosis (which means "cell drinking") takes in SMALL particles dissolved in fluid
BOTH require ATP
✔✔Glucose enters the cell through what process? Why? - ✔✔Glucose enters the cell
through the process of FACILITATED diffusion since it uses carrier proteins and does
not require energy input (passive transport)
✔✔Carbon DiOxide (CO2) and Oxygen (O2) enters the cell through the phospholipid
bilayer by what process? Why? - ✔✔They enter through the process of SIMPLE
diffusion since they are non polar and do not require energy input (passive transport)
✔✔How does water enter the cell, and by what process? - ✔✔Water enters the cell
through PROTEINS in the membrane called AQUAPORINS by the process of
OSMOSIS which does not require energy input (passive transport)
✔✔What does ACTIVE transport require? - ✔✔ATP
✔✔What is established by a positive charge on the outside of a nerve cell membrane? -
✔✔the sodium-potassium pump (Na-K)
, ✔✔What are enzymes and what are their functions? - ✔✔Enzymes are CATALYSTS
that speed up chemical reactions
✔✔If energy is stored in the product of a reaction, the chemical reaction is: -
✔✔Endergonic
✔✔What does the SUBSTRATE bind to on an ENZYME? - ✔✔the active site
✔✔Name 3 factors that effect the function of enzymes: - ✔✔1. Temperature
2. pH
3. Salinity (also inhibitors)
✔✔The enzyme shape changes very slightly once the enzyme and substrate bind
together. What is this called? - ✔✔Induced fit
✔✔What is the first law of thermodynamics? - ✔✔Energy is neither created nor
destroyed, it just changes form
✔✔What is the second law of thermodynamics? - ✔✔The disorder (entropy) of a system
INCREASES with time. For living systems to MAINTAIN ORDERLINESS, they must
INput energy from their environment
✔✔What kind of energy does Sucrose have? And where is it stored? - ✔✔Sucrose has
POTENTIAL energy, and this energy is stored in the CHEMICAL BONDS
✔✔What is the cell's currency? (energy readily available to cells) - ✔✔ATP
✔✔ATP is made by all cells by what process? - ✔✔Cellular respiration
✔✔ATP supplies energy by giving up what? - ✔✔phosphate groups
✔✔What is an organic catalyst, and what is its function? - ✔✔enzymes.
enzymes react with a specific substrate in an active site
✔✔What are enzymes made of? - ✔✔amino acids (proteins)
✔✔Why are enzymes effective in SMALL quantities? - ✔✔Enzymes are used over an
over again because they are not changed or altered during the reaction
✔✔Describe an allosteric enzyme: - ✔✔an allosteric enzyme has ONE active site for its
specific substrate and ANOTHER site that binds with an inhibitor molecule (also called
non-competitive inhibition)
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔If a protein is involved in passive transport across the membrane then the process is
called: - ✔✔facilitated diffusion
✔✔If molecules taken into the cell go from a Low concentration of that substance
outside the cell to a High concentration ([L] to [H]) inside the cell through a carrier
protein, then what is the process called? And what does it need for energy? - ✔✔It is
called ACTIVE transport and needs ATP for energy
✔✔What happens if a red blood cell is put in a HYPOtonic solution? - ✔✔it will swell up
and burst
✔✔What happens if a red blood cell is put in a HYPERtonic solution? - ✔✔it will shrivel
(plasmolysis)
✔✔What happens if a plant cell is put in a HYPOtonic solution? - ✔✔it will become rigid
since the central vacuole creates TURGOR PRESSURE pushing against the cell wall
which prevents wilting
✔✔What are two examples of ENDOCYTOSIS? What do they do? What do they
require? - ✔✔1. Phagocytosis (which means "cell eating") takes in LARGE molecules or
cells
2. Pinocytosis (which means "cell drinking") takes in SMALL particles dissolved in fluid
BOTH require ATP
✔✔Glucose enters the cell through what process? Why? - ✔✔Glucose enters the cell
through the process of FACILITATED diffusion since it uses carrier proteins and does
not require energy input (passive transport)
✔✔Carbon DiOxide (CO2) and Oxygen (O2) enters the cell through the phospholipid
bilayer by what process? Why? - ✔✔They enter through the process of SIMPLE
diffusion since they are non polar and do not require energy input (passive transport)
✔✔How does water enter the cell, and by what process? - ✔✔Water enters the cell
through PROTEINS in the membrane called AQUAPORINS by the process of
OSMOSIS which does not require energy input (passive transport)
✔✔What does ACTIVE transport require? - ✔✔ATP
✔✔What is established by a positive charge on the outside of a nerve cell membrane? -
✔✔the sodium-potassium pump (Na-K)
, ✔✔What are enzymes and what are their functions? - ✔✔Enzymes are CATALYSTS
that speed up chemical reactions
✔✔If energy is stored in the product of a reaction, the chemical reaction is: -
✔✔Endergonic
✔✔What does the SUBSTRATE bind to on an ENZYME? - ✔✔the active site
✔✔Name 3 factors that effect the function of enzymes: - ✔✔1. Temperature
2. pH
3. Salinity (also inhibitors)
✔✔The enzyme shape changes very slightly once the enzyme and substrate bind
together. What is this called? - ✔✔Induced fit
✔✔What is the first law of thermodynamics? - ✔✔Energy is neither created nor
destroyed, it just changes form
✔✔What is the second law of thermodynamics? - ✔✔The disorder (entropy) of a system
INCREASES with time. For living systems to MAINTAIN ORDERLINESS, they must
INput energy from their environment
✔✔What kind of energy does Sucrose have? And where is it stored? - ✔✔Sucrose has
POTENTIAL energy, and this energy is stored in the CHEMICAL BONDS
✔✔What is the cell's currency? (energy readily available to cells) - ✔✔ATP
✔✔ATP is made by all cells by what process? - ✔✔Cellular respiration
✔✔ATP supplies energy by giving up what? - ✔✔phosphate groups
✔✔What is an organic catalyst, and what is its function? - ✔✔enzymes.
enzymes react with a specific substrate in an active site
✔✔What are enzymes made of? - ✔✔amino acids (proteins)
✔✔Why are enzymes effective in SMALL quantities? - ✔✔Enzymes are used over an
over again because they are not changed or altered during the reaction
✔✔Describe an allosteric enzyme: - ✔✔an allosteric enzyme has ONE active site for its
specific substrate and ANOTHER site that binds with an inhibitor molecule (also called
non-competitive inhibition)
