BIOS 252 EVALUATION PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Endoneurium - ✔✔connective tissue external to neurilemma
✔✔perineurium - ✔✔layers of squamous cells that wrap fascicles
✔✔Epineurium - ✔✔connective tissue surrounding the entire nerve
✔✔Ganglion - ✔✔A cluster of nerve cell bodies, often of similar function, located in the
PNS.
✔✔spinal nerves - ✔✔31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord
✔✔cervical nerves - ✔✔C1-C8 (8 pairs)
✔✔thoracic nerves - ✔✔T1-T12 (12 pairs)
✔✔lumbar nerves - ✔✔L1-L5 (5 pairs)
✔✔sacral nerves - ✔✔S1-S5 (5 pairs)
✔✔coccygeal nerve - ✔✔Co1 (1 pair)
✔✔dermatome - ✔✔Area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve
✔✔dermatome map - ✔✔a diagram of the cutaneous regions innervated by each spinal
nerve
✔✔Reflexes - ✔✔quick, involuntary, stereotyped reactions of glands or muscle to
stimulation
✔✔somatic receptors - ✔✔in skin, muscles, or tendons
✔✔afferent nerve fibers - ✔✔carry information from receptors to posterior horn of spinal
cord or the brainstem
✔✔integrating center - ✔✔A point of synaptic contact between neurons in gray matter of
spinal cord or brainstem
Determines whether efferent neurons issue signal to muscles
✔✔efferent nerve fibers - ✔✔carry motor impulses to skeletal muscle
✔✔Effectors - ✔✔muscles or glands that carry out the response
, ✔✔stretch reflex - ✔✔the contraction of a muscle in response to stretch of that muscle
✔✔patellar reflex - ✔✔a reflex extension of the leg resulting from a sharp tap on the
patellar tendon; one synapse between the afferent and efferent neurons
✔✔flexor reflex - ✔✔the quick contraction of flexor muscles resulting in the withdrawal
of a limb from an injurious stimulus
✔✔polysynaptic reflex - ✔✔signals travel over many synapses on their way to the
muscle
✔✔presynaptic neurotransmitter - ✔✔acetylcholine
✔✔postsynaptic neurotransmitter - ✔✔GABA
✔✔longitudinal fissure - ✔✔separates cerebral hemispheres
✔✔Gyri - ✔✔ridges of the brain
✔✔corpus callosum - ✔✔a broad band of nerve fibers joining the two hemispheres of
the brain.
✔✔Cerebrum (cerebral hemispheres) - ✔✔83% of brain volume, important features and
landmarks: gyri and sulci, longitudinal cerebral fissure, corpus callosum
✔✔Cerebellum (little brain) - ✔✔second largest part of the brain; 50% of the neurons
and 10% of brain volume
✔✔Brain stem - ✔✔includes diencephalon, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
✔✔White matter (nickname) - ✔✔bundles of myelinated axons; called tracts in the
"CNS", "nerves" in the PNS.
✔✔central sulcus - ✔✔separates frontal and parietal lobes
✔✔Parietal Lobe - ✔✔A region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include
processing information about touch.
✔✔Blood Capillaries - ✔✔the smallest blood vessels in the body; protected by blood
brain barrier
✔✔Brain protected by - ✔✔blood; CSF barrier; forms tight junctions between the
ependymal cells
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Endoneurium - ✔✔connective tissue external to neurilemma
✔✔perineurium - ✔✔layers of squamous cells that wrap fascicles
✔✔Epineurium - ✔✔connective tissue surrounding the entire nerve
✔✔Ganglion - ✔✔A cluster of nerve cell bodies, often of similar function, located in the
PNS.
✔✔spinal nerves - ✔✔31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord
✔✔cervical nerves - ✔✔C1-C8 (8 pairs)
✔✔thoracic nerves - ✔✔T1-T12 (12 pairs)
✔✔lumbar nerves - ✔✔L1-L5 (5 pairs)
✔✔sacral nerves - ✔✔S1-S5 (5 pairs)
✔✔coccygeal nerve - ✔✔Co1 (1 pair)
✔✔dermatome - ✔✔Area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve
✔✔dermatome map - ✔✔a diagram of the cutaneous regions innervated by each spinal
nerve
✔✔Reflexes - ✔✔quick, involuntary, stereotyped reactions of glands or muscle to
stimulation
✔✔somatic receptors - ✔✔in skin, muscles, or tendons
✔✔afferent nerve fibers - ✔✔carry information from receptors to posterior horn of spinal
cord or the brainstem
✔✔integrating center - ✔✔A point of synaptic contact between neurons in gray matter of
spinal cord or brainstem
Determines whether efferent neurons issue signal to muscles
✔✔efferent nerve fibers - ✔✔carry motor impulses to skeletal muscle
✔✔Effectors - ✔✔muscles or glands that carry out the response
, ✔✔stretch reflex - ✔✔the contraction of a muscle in response to stretch of that muscle
✔✔patellar reflex - ✔✔a reflex extension of the leg resulting from a sharp tap on the
patellar tendon; one synapse between the afferent and efferent neurons
✔✔flexor reflex - ✔✔the quick contraction of flexor muscles resulting in the withdrawal
of a limb from an injurious stimulus
✔✔polysynaptic reflex - ✔✔signals travel over many synapses on their way to the
muscle
✔✔presynaptic neurotransmitter - ✔✔acetylcholine
✔✔postsynaptic neurotransmitter - ✔✔GABA
✔✔longitudinal fissure - ✔✔separates cerebral hemispheres
✔✔Gyri - ✔✔ridges of the brain
✔✔corpus callosum - ✔✔a broad band of nerve fibers joining the two hemispheres of
the brain.
✔✔Cerebrum (cerebral hemispheres) - ✔✔83% of brain volume, important features and
landmarks: gyri and sulci, longitudinal cerebral fissure, corpus callosum
✔✔Cerebellum (little brain) - ✔✔second largest part of the brain; 50% of the neurons
and 10% of brain volume
✔✔Brain stem - ✔✔includes diencephalon, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
✔✔White matter (nickname) - ✔✔bundles of myelinated axons; called tracts in the
"CNS", "nerves" in the PNS.
✔✔central sulcus - ✔✔separates frontal and parietal lobes
✔✔Parietal Lobe - ✔✔A region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include
processing information about touch.
✔✔Blood Capillaries - ✔✔the smallest blood vessels in the body; protected by blood
brain barrier
✔✔Brain protected by - ✔✔blood; CSF barrier; forms tight junctions between the
ependymal cells
