CVS Assessment with all Correct & 100% Verified
Answers |Latest Update |Already Graded A+ (Just
Released)
What are the 3 parts of the CVS system? ✔Correct Answer-Heart (pump), vessels (pipes), blood
(volume)
What are the 3 types of shock for each part of the system? ✔Correct Answer-Heart = cariogenic
shock
Vessels = distributive shock (anaphylactic and neurogenic)
Blood = hypovolemic shock
What happens during S1 sound?
During S2 sound? ✔Correct Answer-systole (full ventricles contract) and closing of AV valves
diastole (ventricles relax) and closing of SL valves
Why would you hear S3?
What does it sound like? ✔Correct Answer-early diastole = passive filling of ventricles
If blood is already in the ventricles, it will slosh against it and S3 is heard
Blood entering a full ventricle causes vibration (during passive filling)
Lup Dup Up (ventricular gallop)
Why would you hear S4?
What does it sound like? ✔Correct Answer-Late diastole/early systole: atrial kick (contraction)
pushes blood into stiff ventricle = blood smacks against non compliant ventricle = S4
Blood from atrial kick into a full ventricle causes vibration (during active filling)
Te Lub Dup
What ventricle has the highest pressure?
Which valves are damaged the most? ✔Correct Answer-Left
Mitral and aortic
Reguritation: ✔Correct Answer-some blood flows back into heart b/c valve des not fully close
What happens during systole? ✔Correct Answer-full ventricles contract = blood is pumped into
systemic and pulmonic systems
What happens during diastole? ✔Correct Answer-Ventricles relax and atria contract (atrial kick) =
myocardium is perfused
, What changes CO demand? ✔Correct Answer-exercise, stress, adrenaline, fight or flight: illness,
injury, fever
What contributes to CO supply? ✔Correct Answer-Stroke volume (amount of blood ejected in one
cardiac cycle) x HR (BPM) = amount of blood ejected each min
How much blood is ejected each min in a healthy person? ✔Correct Answer-5 L
If SV decreases, what must the heart do to maintain CO?
If HR decreases, what must the SV do to maintain CO? ✔Correct Answer-increase
increase
End diastolic volume (EDV): ✔Correct Answer-amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of
diastole - 120 ml
End systolic volume (ESV): ✔Correct Answer-amount of blood that leaves the heart in the
ventricles at the end of systole - 50 ml
How do you calculate SV? ✔Correct Answer-EDV - ESV = SV 70 ml
Ejection fraction (EF): ✔Correct Answer-SV divided by EDV = % of diastolic volume ejected by heart
during systole
What is a normal ejection fraction range: ✔Correct Answer-50-70%
<40% = not good
What system is the heart under control of? and via what nerve? ✔Correct Answer-PNS, via vagus
nerve
How is the HR increased?
decreased? ✔Correct Answer-block PNS, stimulate SNS
block SNS, stimulate PNS
How do we quickly assess CO? ✔Correct Answer-tissue perfusion: AOx3, normal HR, BP, RR, normal
cap refill, CWSM
When is Sympathetic nervous system stimulated to increase HR? ✔Correct Answer-when CO/tissue
perfusion is low
What 3 things des SV depend on? ✔Correct Answer-Preload
Afterload
Contractility
Preload: ✔Correct Answer-pressure inside ventricles at end of diastole; depends on amount of
blood filling ventricles and elasticity of heart muscle
Preload depends on: ✔Correct Answer-volume returning to heart
elasticity of heart muscle
What is the frank-starling principle? ✔Correct Answer-More in = more out
Answers |Latest Update |Already Graded A+ (Just
Released)
What are the 3 parts of the CVS system? ✔Correct Answer-Heart (pump), vessels (pipes), blood
(volume)
What are the 3 types of shock for each part of the system? ✔Correct Answer-Heart = cariogenic
shock
Vessels = distributive shock (anaphylactic and neurogenic)
Blood = hypovolemic shock
What happens during S1 sound?
During S2 sound? ✔Correct Answer-systole (full ventricles contract) and closing of AV valves
diastole (ventricles relax) and closing of SL valves
Why would you hear S3?
What does it sound like? ✔Correct Answer-early diastole = passive filling of ventricles
If blood is already in the ventricles, it will slosh against it and S3 is heard
Blood entering a full ventricle causes vibration (during passive filling)
Lup Dup Up (ventricular gallop)
Why would you hear S4?
What does it sound like? ✔Correct Answer-Late diastole/early systole: atrial kick (contraction)
pushes blood into stiff ventricle = blood smacks against non compliant ventricle = S4
Blood from atrial kick into a full ventricle causes vibration (during active filling)
Te Lub Dup
What ventricle has the highest pressure?
Which valves are damaged the most? ✔Correct Answer-Left
Mitral and aortic
Reguritation: ✔Correct Answer-some blood flows back into heart b/c valve des not fully close
What happens during systole? ✔Correct Answer-full ventricles contract = blood is pumped into
systemic and pulmonic systems
What happens during diastole? ✔Correct Answer-Ventricles relax and atria contract (atrial kick) =
myocardium is perfused
, What changes CO demand? ✔Correct Answer-exercise, stress, adrenaline, fight or flight: illness,
injury, fever
What contributes to CO supply? ✔Correct Answer-Stroke volume (amount of blood ejected in one
cardiac cycle) x HR (BPM) = amount of blood ejected each min
How much blood is ejected each min in a healthy person? ✔Correct Answer-5 L
If SV decreases, what must the heart do to maintain CO?
If HR decreases, what must the SV do to maintain CO? ✔Correct Answer-increase
increase
End diastolic volume (EDV): ✔Correct Answer-amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of
diastole - 120 ml
End systolic volume (ESV): ✔Correct Answer-amount of blood that leaves the heart in the
ventricles at the end of systole - 50 ml
How do you calculate SV? ✔Correct Answer-EDV - ESV = SV 70 ml
Ejection fraction (EF): ✔Correct Answer-SV divided by EDV = % of diastolic volume ejected by heart
during systole
What is a normal ejection fraction range: ✔Correct Answer-50-70%
<40% = not good
What system is the heart under control of? and via what nerve? ✔Correct Answer-PNS, via vagus
nerve
How is the HR increased?
decreased? ✔Correct Answer-block PNS, stimulate SNS
block SNS, stimulate PNS
How do we quickly assess CO? ✔Correct Answer-tissue perfusion: AOx3, normal HR, BP, RR, normal
cap refill, CWSM
When is Sympathetic nervous system stimulated to increase HR? ✔Correct Answer-when CO/tissue
perfusion is low
What 3 things des SV depend on? ✔Correct Answer-Preload
Afterload
Contractility
Preload: ✔Correct Answer-pressure inside ventricles at end of diastole; depends on amount of
blood filling ventricles and elasticity of heart muscle
Preload depends on: ✔Correct Answer-volume returning to heart
elasticity of heart muscle
What is the frank-starling principle? ✔Correct Answer-More in = more out
