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fiche système rénale

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fichecomplète sur le système rénale. UE 2.2 S1

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January 8, 2026
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Written in
2025/2026
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Système rénale
les reins ont deux fonctions principales :
la fonction endocrine : ca fabrique les hormones , aide a fabriquer les globules rouge et aide les os a
absorber le calcium.
fonction exocrine : crée l’urine , secréte les déchets a mettre dans l’urine et excrètent l’urine finale
l’homéostasie : maintien l’equilibre du corps , controle le volume de sang , regule le pH




Les quatre parties principales :
Capsule → fine couche protectrice autour du rein.
Cortex → zone claire et granuleuse, juste sous la capsule.
Médulla → zone rouge-brun, formée de pyramides rénales (ou pyramides de Malpighi).
Pelvis (bassinet) → cavité centrale qui reçoit l’urine et l’envoie vers l’uretère.
Chaque pyramide + le cortex autour = un lobe rénal.
Il y a 8 à 18 lobes par rein.
Rein = cortex + médulla + pelvis
Médulla = pyramides → papille → calice → bassinet → uretère
Néphrons = glomérule + capsule + tubule → urine
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