BIO 230 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔What are examples of each of these four main classes of macromolecules? -
✔✔Carbohydrates: Starch and Sugar
proteins: prions, muscles,
lipids: Fats, cholesterol, Membranes
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA
✔✔How would you explain the difference between covalent, ionic, and hydrogen
bonds? - ✔✔=Hydrogen Bonds: When the peanut
butter sandwich (electrons) of the kid sitting
next to you smells good (is attractive). ***WEAK BONDS
=Covalent Bonds: When you and a buddy
share a peanut butter sandwich (electrons)
between the two of you. ***STRONG BOND
=Ionic Bonds: Like when a bully takes your
whole peanut butter sandwich (electrons)...***STRONG BOND
✔✔Could you draw three molecules of water correctly, including the hydrogen bonds
between the molecules? - ✔✔
✔✔What is DNA made of? - ✔✔DNA is made up of molecules called nucleotides. Each
nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar group and a nitrogen base. The four
types of nitrogen bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). The
order of these bases is what determines DNA's instructions, or genetic code.
✔✔Where are the phosphates in a DNA molecule? Where are the sugars? Where are
the nucleotides? - ✔✔
✔✔What is the purpose of hydrogen bonds? - ✔✔To form an attraction between the
molecules
✔✔Are these bonds weak or strong? - ✔✔weak
✔✔How did the structure of DNA give scientists insight into its function? - ✔✔It helped
them relate the different nucleotides with each other and differentiate between the
different bonds (ionic, covalent and hydrogen bond)
✔✔How would you explain to a friend the similarities and differences between DNA,
genes, chromosomes, and genomes? - ✔✔Genomes is all the DNA. The DNA is made
up of chromosomes that contain our parents genes
, ✔✔What are the similarities and differences between the DNA of different organisms? -
✔✔Same structure code for different protein
✔✔If you knew the percentage of Adenine in a chromosome, could you calculate the
percentage of Thymine? Cytosine? Guanine? - ✔✔YES!If 20% of the nucleoedes in a
DNA
molecule are Adenine...
what percentage of the nucleotide
do you predict would be Cytosine?
A) 20%
B) 25%
C) 30%******
D) 35%
E) 40%
✔✔Where is genetic information stored in a DNA molecule? - ✔✔Bases
✔✔Who was involved in this pivotal discovery in biology? What were their relative
roles? - ✔✔Francis Crick ---structure
James Watson----structure
Rosalind Franklin----picture of DNA
Erwin Chargaf---Tried to build structure (failed)
Maurice Wilkins---worked with Franklin and sold her out
✔✔How did model building contribute to understanding DNA's structure? - ✔✔It helped
them understand the different bonds
✔✔How did X-Ray crystallography contribute to understanding DNA's structure? - ✔✔it
helped them discover that the DNA structure was a double helix which helped them
understand the bonds
✔✔What is Chargaff's rule, and what clues did it provide? - ✔✔Has to be an equal
amount of A to T C to G in every organism
✔✔What did you learn about the profession of science from studying the history of the
discovery of DNA? - ✔✔That it takes a lot of patients and a lot of collaboration between
sientist
✔✔Who took the key picture of DNA? - ✔✔Rosalind Franklin
✔✔What technique was used to make this picture? - ✔✔Crystollography = xray
defraction
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔What are examples of each of these four main classes of macromolecules? -
✔✔Carbohydrates: Starch and Sugar
proteins: prions, muscles,
lipids: Fats, cholesterol, Membranes
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA
✔✔How would you explain the difference between covalent, ionic, and hydrogen
bonds? - ✔✔=Hydrogen Bonds: When the peanut
butter sandwich (electrons) of the kid sitting
next to you smells good (is attractive). ***WEAK BONDS
=Covalent Bonds: When you and a buddy
share a peanut butter sandwich (electrons)
between the two of you. ***STRONG BOND
=Ionic Bonds: Like when a bully takes your
whole peanut butter sandwich (electrons)...***STRONG BOND
✔✔Could you draw three molecules of water correctly, including the hydrogen bonds
between the molecules? - ✔✔
✔✔What is DNA made of? - ✔✔DNA is made up of molecules called nucleotides. Each
nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar group and a nitrogen base. The four
types of nitrogen bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). The
order of these bases is what determines DNA's instructions, or genetic code.
✔✔Where are the phosphates in a DNA molecule? Where are the sugars? Where are
the nucleotides? - ✔✔
✔✔What is the purpose of hydrogen bonds? - ✔✔To form an attraction between the
molecules
✔✔Are these bonds weak or strong? - ✔✔weak
✔✔How did the structure of DNA give scientists insight into its function? - ✔✔It helped
them relate the different nucleotides with each other and differentiate between the
different bonds (ionic, covalent and hydrogen bond)
✔✔How would you explain to a friend the similarities and differences between DNA,
genes, chromosomes, and genomes? - ✔✔Genomes is all the DNA. The DNA is made
up of chromosomes that contain our parents genes
, ✔✔What are the similarities and differences between the DNA of different organisms? -
✔✔Same structure code for different protein
✔✔If you knew the percentage of Adenine in a chromosome, could you calculate the
percentage of Thymine? Cytosine? Guanine? - ✔✔YES!If 20% of the nucleoedes in a
DNA
molecule are Adenine...
what percentage of the nucleotide
do you predict would be Cytosine?
A) 20%
B) 25%
C) 30%******
D) 35%
E) 40%
✔✔Where is genetic information stored in a DNA molecule? - ✔✔Bases
✔✔Who was involved in this pivotal discovery in biology? What were their relative
roles? - ✔✔Francis Crick ---structure
James Watson----structure
Rosalind Franklin----picture of DNA
Erwin Chargaf---Tried to build structure (failed)
Maurice Wilkins---worked with Franklin and sold her out
✔✔How did model building contribute to understanding DNA's structure? - ✔✔It helped
them understand the different bonds
✔✔How did X-Ray crystallography contribute to understanding DNA's structure? - ✔✔it
helped them discover that the DNA structure was a double helix which helped them
understand the bonds
✔✔What is Chargaff's rule, and what clues did it provide? - ✔✔Has to be an equal
amount of A to T C to G in every organism
✔✔What did you learn about the profession of science from studying the history of the
discovery of DNA? - ✔✔That it takes a lot of patients and a lot of collaboration between
sientist
✔✔Who took the key picture of DNA? - ✔✔Rosalind Franklin
✔✔What technique was used to make this picture? - ✔✔Crystollography = xray
defraction
