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APHY 101 Final Exam Latest
Questions And Answers
What are the differences between DNA and RNA? - correct-answer -RNA
(ribonucleic acid) functions in protein synthesis; DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
stores the molecular code in genes.
cell membrane - correct-answer -regulates the movement of substances in and
out of the cell; participates in signal transduction; and helps cells adhere to other
cells
nucleus - correct-answer -surrounded by an enveloper; composed of RNA and
protein and is the site of ribosome production
cytoplasm - correct-answer -consists of a clear liquid (cytosol), a supportive
cytoskeleton, and networks of membranes and organelles
cytosol - correct-answer -the liquid part of the cytoplasm in which various
organelles are suspended
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organelles - correct-answer -small, specialized structures in cells which operate
like organs by carrying out specific tasks
What are the functions of the cell membrane? - correct-answer -controls the
movement of substances in and out of cells; protects the cell from its
surroundings
What is the structure of the cell membrane? - correct-answer -a double layer of
phospholipids, with fatty acid tails turned inward
Ribosome - correct-answer -tiny spherical structures composed of protein and
RNA; the site of protein synthesis
endoplasmic reticulum - correct-answer -the manufacturing plant; responsible for
synthesis of proteins and lipids for use inside and outside the cell
Difference between smooth ER and rough ER. - correct-answer -With ribosomes,
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is rough ER, and functions in protein synthesis.
Without ribosomes, it is smooth ER, and functions in lipid synthesis.
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Golgi apparatus - correct-answer -UPS or FedEx; packages and modifies proteins
for transport and export out of the cell
Mitochondria - correct-answer -the powerhouses of the cell and
contain enzymes needed for aerobic respiration
Lysosome - correct-answer -"garbage disposals" of the cell and contain
digestive enzymes to break up old cell components and bacteria
Peroxisome - correct-answer -contain enzymes that function in the synthesis of
bile acids, breakdown of lipids, degradation of rare biochemicals, and
detoxification of alcohol
Centrosome - correct-answer -structure made up of two hollow cylinders called
centrioles that function in the separation of chromosomes during cell division
Cilia - correct-answer -motile extensions from the cell
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Flagella - correct-answer -long, thin, whip-like structures, with a core of
microtubules, that enable some cells to move
Vesicle - correct-answer -small, membrane sacs that specialize in moving products
into, out of, and within a cell
nuclear envelope - correct-answer -a double-layered porous membrane;
separates the nuclear contents from the cytoplasm
nuclear pores - correct-answer -regulate molecular traffic through the envelope
and act like a rivet to hold the two unit membranes together
nucleolus - correct-answer -The site of ribosome production; composed of RNA
and protein
chromatin - correct-answer -It condenses into chromosomes during cell division; it
is made of protein and DNA
APHY 101 Final Exam Latest
Questions And Answers
What are the differences between DNA and RNA? - correct-answer -RNA
(ribonucleic acid) functions in protein synthesis; DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
stores the molecular code in genes.
cell membrane - correct-answer -regulates the movement of substances in and
out of the cell; participates in signal transduction; and helps cells adhere to other
cells
nucleus - correct-answer -surrounded by an enveloper; composed of RNA and
protein and is the site of ribosome production
cytoplasm - correct-answer -consists of a clear liquid (cytosol), a supportive
cytoskeleton, and networks of membranes and organelles
cytosol - correct-answer -the liquid part of the cytoplasm in which various
organelles are suspended
,2|Page
organelles - correct-answer -small, specialized structures in cells which operate
like organs by carrying out specific tasks
What are the functions of the cell membrane? - correct-answer -controls the
movement of substances in and out of cells; protects the cell from its
surroundings
What is the structure of the cell membrane? - correct-answer -a double layer of
phospholipids, with fatty acid tails turned inward
Ribosome - correct-answer -tiny spherical structures composed of protein and
RNA; the site of protein synthesis
endoplasmic reticulum - correct-answer -the manufacturing plant; responsible for
synthesis of proteins and lipids for use inside and outside the cell
Difference between smooth ER and rough ER. - correct-answer -With ribosomes,
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is rough ER, and functions in protein synthesis.
Without ribosomes, it is smooth ER, and functions in lipid synthesis.
,3|Page
Golgi apparatus - correct-answer -UPS or FedEx; packages and modifies proteins
for transport and export out of the cell
Mitochondria - correct-answer -the powerhouses of the cell and
contain enzymes needed for aerobic respiration
Lysosome - correct-answer -"garbage disposals" of the cell and contain
digestive enzymes to break up old cell components and bacteria
Peroxisome - correct-answer -contain enzymes that function in the synthesis of
bile acids, breakdown of lipids, degradation of rare biochemicals, and
detoxification of alcohol
Centrosome - correct-answer -structure made up of two hollow cylinders called
centrioles that function in the separation of chromosomes during cell division
Cilia - correct-answer -motile extensions from the cell
, 4|Page
Flagella - correct-answer -long, thin, whip-like structures, with a core of
microtubules, that enable some cells to move
Vesicle - correct-answer -small, membrane sacs that specialize in moving products
into, out of, and within a cell
nuclear envelope - correct-answer -a double-layered porous membrane;
separates the nuclear contents from the cytoplasm
nuclear pores - correct-answer -regulate molecular traffic through the envelope
and act like a rivet to hold the two unit membranes together
nucleolus - correct-answer -The site of ribosome production; composed of RNA
and protein
chromatin - correct-answer -It condenses into chromosomes during cell division; it
is made of protein and DNA
