PEPP FINAL EXAM 2026 WITH 100%
ACCURATE ANSWERS
In a child with blunt trauma to the chest, you can suspect
___________________________________ in a child that presents with hypoxia and respiratory
distress. - Precise Answer ✔✔Pulmonary Contusion
Due to the flexibility of the ribs in young children and being poorly protected by fat or muscle,
during an impact the energy is: - Precise Answer ✔✔directly transferred to the lungs or heart
on impact; can result in serious injuries to the thoracic organs.
The solid organs of the upper abdominal cavity are (3) - Precise Answer ✔✔Liver, Spleen,
Kidneys
The most serious complications of extremity injuries are
__________________________________________ and blood loss into the soft tissues at the
fracture site. - Precise Answer ✔✔Neurovascular Injuries
A restrained child in a motor vehicle crash may have lap belt injuries involving
____________________________________________. - Precise Answer ✔✔Solid organs,
bowels, and spine
What is caused by a direct trauma to the brain itself? - Precise Answer ✔✔Primary brain injury
What is caused by an indirect insult to the brain tissue by hypoxia or ischemia? - Precise Answer
✔✔Secondary Brain Injury
The most likely causes of abnormal appearance in a pediatric trauma patient are (list six) -
Precise Answer ✔✔1) Closed head injury
2) Hypoxia
3) Hemorrhage
4) Pain from fractures
5) Burns
6) Soft Tissue Injuries
Effortless Tachypnea, or a rapid respiratory rate in the absence of increase work of breathing,
may be seen in a child with: - Precise Answer ✔✔Traumatic shock
Effortless tachypnea is a reflexive mechanism to compensate for? - Precise Answer
✔✔Metabolic Acidosis caused by hypoperfusion
An injured child, who's skin color and temperature are abnormal and is not in a cold
environment, suggests? - Precise Answer ✔✔Hypovolemia and poor perfusion
, The most common cause for hypo perfusion and shock in pediatric trauma patients is? - Precise
Answer ✔✔hemorrhage from abdominal solid organ injury
Why is only one attempt made at getting a blood pressure in children older than 3 years of
age? - Precise Answer ✔✔Because of the technical challenges of obtaining a reliable blood
pressure (mainly due to having the right cuff size) and because skin signs, capillary refill time
and pulse quality are all good signs of perfusion.
Reserve hyperventilation for patients with TBI who have signs of? - Precise Answer
✔✔Impending brain herniation
Consider hyperventilation if the child has a severe neurologic disability, which is defined as? -
Precise Answer ✔✔1) a rating of 'P' or 'U' on the AVPU scale
2) a score of 9 or less on the Pediatric GCS
3) A fixed or dilated pupil or asymmetric pupils
4) Posturing (decerebrate or decorticate)
If you decide to use hyperventilation, provide mild hyperventilation guided by capnography to
keep the patient's ETCO's at: - Precise Answer ✔✔30 - 35 mm Hg
Relating to burns, the palm plus fingers is approximately what percent of the body surface
area? - Precise Answer ✔✔1%
Parkland Burn Formula - Precise Answer ✔✔2 - 4mL x body weight (kg) x percentage of body
surface= total fluid requirement in mL for 24 hours
to calculate what the IV will run at NOW, take that # and divide it by 2, now divide it by 8 to
get your hourly IV flow rate
half to be given in 1st 8 hours, 1/4 in second 8 hours and 1/4 in last 8 hours...starting at the
time of the burn, not arrival to ER
____________________________ injury is the most common cause of trauma in children. -
Precise Answer ✔✔Head injury
Until approximately what age are children's heads disproportionately large in relationship to
their overall body compared to adults? - Precise Answer ✔✔5 - 6 years old
In children with hypoxia and blunt chest trauma you should suspect ______________
_______________, while in penetrating chest trauma with hypoxia you should suspect
_________________________. - Precise Answer ✔✔pulmonary contusion
Pneumothorax
With an infant burn patient the rule of nines is laid out:
Head:
Torso:
ACCURATE ANSWERS
In a child with blunt trauma to the chest, you can suspect
___________________________________ in a child that presents with hypoxia and respiratory
distress. - Precise Answer ✔✔Pulmonary Contusion
Due to the flexibility of the ribs in young children and being poorly protected by fat or muscle,
during an impact the energy is: - Precise Answer ✔✔directly transferred to the lungs or heart
on impact; can result in serious injuries to the thoracic organs.
The solid organs of the upper abdominal cavity are (3) - Precise Answer ✔✔Liver, Spleen,
Kidneys
The most serious complications of extremity injuries are
__________________________________________ and blood loss into the soft tissues at the
fracture site. - Precise Answer ✔✔Neurovascular Injuries
A restrained child in a motor vehicle crash may have lap belt injuries involving
____________________________________________. - Precise Answer ✔✔Solid organs,
bowels, and spine
What is caused by a direct trauma to the brain itself? - Precise Answer ✔✔Primary brain injury
What is caused by an indirect insult to the brain tissue by hypoxia or ischemia? - Precise Answer
✔✔Secondary Brain Injury
The most likely causes of abnormal appearance in a pediatric trauma patient are (list six) -
Precise Answer ✔✔1) Closed head injury
2) Hypoxia
3) Hemorrhage
4) Pain from fractures
5) Burns
6) Soft Tissue Injuries
Effortless Tachypnea, or a rapid respiratory rate in the absence of increase work of breathing,
may be seen in a child with: - Precise Answer ✔✔Traumatic shock
Effortless tachypnea is a reflexive mechanism to compensate for? - Precise Answer
✔✔Metabolic Acidosis caused by hypoperfusion
An injured child, who's skin color and temperature are abnormal and is not in a cold
environment, suggests? - Precise Answer ✔✔Hypovolemia and poor perfusion
, The most common cause for hypo perfusion and shock in pediatric trauma patients is? - Precise
Answer ✔✔hemorrhage from abdominal solid organ injury
Why is only one attempt made at getting a blood pressure in children older than 3 years of
age? - Precise Answer ✔✔Because of the technical challenges of obtaining a reliable blood
pressure (mainly due to having the right cuff size) and because skin signs, capillary refill time
and pulse quality are all good signs of perfusion.
Reserve hyperventilation for patients with TBI who have signs of? - Precise Answer
✔✔Impending brain herniation
Consider hyperventilation if the child has a severe neurologic disability, which is defined as? -
Precise Answer ✔✔1) a rating of 'P' or 'U' on the AVPU scale
2) a score of 9 or less on the Pediatric GCS
3) A fixed or dilated pupil or asymmetric pupils
4) Posturing (decerebrate or decorticate)
If you decide to use hyperventilation, provide mild hyperventilation guided by capnography to
keep the patient's ETCO's at: - Precise Answer ✔✔30 - 35 mm Hg
Relating to burns, the palm plus fingers is approximately what percent of the body surface
area? - Precise Answer ✔✔1%
Parkland Burn Formula - Precise Answer ✔✔2 - 4mL x body weight (kg) x percentage of body
surface= total fluid requirement in mL for 24 hours
to calculate what the IV will run at NOW, take that # and divide it by 2, now divide it by 8 to
get your hourly IV flow rate
half to be given in 1st 8 hours, 1/4 in second 8 hours and 1/4 in last 8 hours...starting at the
time of the burn, not arrival to ER
____________________________ injury is the most common cause of trauma in children. -
Precise Answer ✔✔Head injury
Until approximately what age are children's heads disproportionately large in relationship to
their overall body compared to adults? - Precise Answer ✔✔5 - 6 years old
In children with hypoxia and blunt chest trauma you should suspect ______________
_______________, while in penetrating chest trauma with hypoxia you should suspect
_________________________. - Precise Answer ✔✔pulmonary contusion
Pneumothorax
With an infant burn patient the rule of nines is laid out:
Head:
Torso:
