OTH 3416 exam 1 with complete
solutions graded A+
levels of structural complexity - correct answer ✔✔1. chemical level
2. cellular level
3. tissue level
4. organ level
5. organ system level
6. organism level
prokaryotes - correct answer ✔✔organisms whose cells do not have a distinguishable nucleus,
mostly unicellular, more primitive
eukaryotes - correct answer ✔✔organisms whose cells have a nucleus bound by a membrane,
typically contain other organelles
nucleus - correct answer ✔✔-center of cell
-contains dna
-contains nucleolus which stores rna
ribosomes - correct answer ✔✔-site of protein synthesis
-can be free floating in cytoplasm or bound to ER
ER - correct answer ✔✔-rough- protein synthesis
-smooth- lipid synthesis
,golgi apparatus - correct answer ✔✔-processing and packaging proteins into vesicles
mitochondria - correct answer ✔✔-generates energy-ATP
-powerhouse
lysosomes - correct answer ✔✔-contain digestive enzymes
lysosomes - correct answer ✔✔-contain digestive enzymes to breakdown cellular structures to
their most basic forms
nucleotides - correct answer ✔✔-DNA subunit
-made of one sugar (deoxyribose)
-one phosphate
-one nitrogenous base
4 nitrogenous bases - correct answer ✔✔-adenine
-cytosine
-thymine
-guanine
A pairs with T, C pairs with G
DNA replication - correct answer ✔✔-happens when the cell divides/repair needs to be made
-DNA strand breaks into two single strands
-polymerase travels along each single strand base pairing
- completes with 2 identical double helixes of DNA formed from the originals
, mRNA - correct answer ✔✔-messenger RNA
-synthesized from DNA by RNA polymerase
-splits DNA and makes identical single strand replacing T with U
-migrates to cytoplasm
tRNA - correct answer ✔✔-transport RNA
-interacts with mRNA in cytoplasm to provide the base pairs
rRNA - correct answer ✔✔-ribosomal RNA
-mediates translation in ribosome
transcription - correct answer ✔✔-RNA copies down the code from DNA
-carries it from nucleus to cytoplasm
translation - correct answer ✔✔-changes it from RNA to protein
Bases of DNA - correct answer ✔✔-Cystosine
-Guanine
-Adenine
-Thymine
-code for amino acids
Amino acids - correct answer ✔✔-made up of the 4 bases
-combine to form polypeptides
solutions graded A+
levels of structural complexity - correct answer ✔✔1. chemical level
2. cellular level
3. tissue level
4. organ level
5. organ system level
6. organism level
prokaryotes - correct answer ✔✔organisms whose cells do not have a distinguishable nucleus,
mostly unicellular, more primitive
eukaryotes - correct answer ✔✔organisms whose cells have a nucleus bound by a membrane,
typically contain other organelles
nucleus - correct answer ✔✔-center of cell
-contains dna
-contains nucleolus which stores rna
ribosomes - correct answer ✔✔-site of protein synthesis
-can be free floating in cytoplasm or bound to ER
ER - correct answer ✔✔-rough- protein synthesis
-smooth- lipid synthesis
,golgi apparatus - correct answer ✔✔-processing and packaging proteins into vesicles
mitochondria - correct answer ✔✔-generates energy-ATP
-powerhouse
lysosomes - correct answer ✔✔-contain digestive enzymes
lysosomes - correct answer ✔✔-contain digestive enzymes to breakdown cellular structures to
their most basic forms
nucleotides - correct answer ✔✔-DNA subunit
-made of one sugar (deoxyribose)
-one phosphate
-one nitrogenous base
4 nitrogenous bases - correct answer ✔✔-adenine
-cytosine
-thymine
-guanine
A pairs with T, C pairs with G
DNA replication - correct answer ✔✔-happens when the cell divides/repair needs to be made
-DNA strand breaks into two single strands
-polymerase travels along each single strand base pairing
- completes with 2 identical double helixes of DNA formed from the originals
, mRNA - correct answer ✔✔-messenger RNA
-synthesized from DNA by RNA polymerase
-splits DNA and makes identical single strand replacing T with U
-migrates to cytoplasm
tRNA - correct answer ✔✔-transport RNA
-interacts with mRNA in cytoplasm to provide the base pairs
rRNA - correct answer ✔✔-ribosomal RNA
-mediates translation in ribosome
transcription - correct answer ✔✔-RNA copies down the code from DNA
-carries it from nucleus to cytoplasm
translation - correct answer ✔✔-changes it from RNA to protein
Bases of DNA - correct answer ✔✔-Cystosine
-Guanine
-Adenine
-Thymine
-code for amino acids
Amino acids - correct answer ✔✔-made up of the 4 bases
-combine to form polypeptides
