KAPLAN PEDIATRICS REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 Newest Actual Exam With Complete
Questions And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified
Answers) |Already Graded A+
A parent brings a newborn client to the healthcare provider's office. The newborn
is vomiting, has abdominal distention, and is diagnosed with pyloric stenosis.
Which characteristic of the newborn's emesis does the nurse expect?
a. Black in appearance
b. Diminished after feedings
c. Projectile and forceful
d. Thick and full of mucus - Answer-c. Projectile and forceful
An infant with pyloric stenosis will present with projectile vomiting and abdominal
distention. Other symptoms include weight loss, constipation, dehydration, and
visible peristaltic waves. Pyloric stenosis is partial obstruction of the passageway
from the stomach to the duodenum due to a thickening or obstruction of the
pylorus. Emesis that is black is expected with bleeding, but not with pyloric
stenosis. In pyloric stenosis, vomiting occurs after feeding. The food or liquid is
unable to pass through the obstructed pylorus and vomiting results. The emesis is
liquid and not thick with mucus. The treatment for pyloric stenosis is surgical
repair.
,Pediatric clients with idiopathic hypopituitarism characteristically have short
stature and slow growth. Children typically fall off the growth curve in height and
may have weight gain that is out of proportion to height. Idiopathic
hypopituitarism is diminished or deficient secretion of one or more of the
pituitary hormones, including adrenocorticoids and growth hormone. Evidence of
hypoglycemia is more common. Sexual development is usually absent or delayed
due to the lack of pituitary hormones that stimulate sexual development.
Increased thirst and urination may be seen in hypopituitarism due to a lack of
antidiuretic hormone.
The nurse observes a child client walk up and down steps. The nurse notes the
child has a steady gait and can use short sentences. The nurse estimates the
child's age to be how many months?
a. 8 months
b. 12 months
c. 16 months
d. 24 months - Answer-d. 24 months
The 24-month-old child goes up and down stairs alone, runs well with a wide
stance, builds a tower of six to seven blocks, and has a vocabulary of about 300
words. The 8-month-old child can roll over from stomach to back and begins to
distinguish and recognize strangers. The 12-month-old child needs help walking,
eats with fingers, and says three to five words other than "dada" and "mama."
The 16-month-old child walks without help, kneels without support, and says four
to six words including names.
The nurse in a pediatric clinic during health record audits and notices that a
preschool client is on a delayed immunization schedule per the parents' request.
The client is 5 years old, and it has been 3 weeks since the initial administration of
,the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Which is the best response by
the nurse?
a. Nothing, this is completely normal and goes along with the catch-up schedule
by the CDC
b. Call the parents and harshly explain the dangers of the delayed immunization
schedule
c. Call the parents and explain that the child will need to be seen in the next week
to receive the second dose of the MMR vaccine to keep on schedule
d. Call Child Protective Services (CPS) because the child is clearly in an abusive
situation - Answer-c. Call the parents and explain that the child will need to be
seen in the next week to receive the second dose of the MMR vaccine to keep on
schedule
According to the CDC, the MMR vaccine requires a 4-week time period between
the first and second dose. The CDC does have a catch-up schedule, and although
this is correct, the nurse needs to take action to ensure the parents are aware of
the schedule so the preschooler gets the dose in the correct time frame. This is an
appropriate action by the nurse. The nurse should provide unbiased teaching to
ensure that the parents comply with the schedule as set by the CDC. The CDC
provides recommended guidelines for vaccinations. The child is late on the MMR
vaccine, but is not clearly in an abusive situation. This action by the nurse is
inappropriate and unprofessional.
An adolescent client diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD)
asks why methylphenidate was prescribed. The nurse educates the client and
parents that methylphenidate is prescribed for which desired effect?
a. Antidepressant
b. Anxiolytic
, c. Sedative-hypnotic
d. CNS stimulant - Answer-d. CNS stimulant
Pharmacological therapy is useful in the management of attention deficit
hyperactive disorder. Central nervous system stimulants improve concentration
and adaptive behavior. CNS stimulants include methylphenidate, atomoxetine,
modafinil, armodafinil, and the amphetamines. Adverse effects include
depersonalization, dizziness, facial tics, headaches, insomnia, increased blood
pressure, and irritability. The medication is not an antidepressant.
Methylphenidate is not used to decrease or control anxiety. Methylphenidate is
not a sedative-hypnotic. Examples of sedative-hypnotics include phenobarbital,
secobarbital, flurazepam, and lorazepam.
The nurse is teaching a parenting class. Which action does the nurse include as
the most important to promote mobility in infants?
a. Encourage a daily exercise program
b. Use a playpen whenever possible
c. Provide safe toys and play areas
d. Teach noncompetitive activities - Answer-c. Provide safe toys and play areas
Be aware of safety concerns for the infant, including aspirating foreign objects,
poisoning, burns, and falls from infant seats, high chairs, walkers, and swings.
Infants are very active. Therefore, formal exercise programs are not
recommended. The use of a playpen restricts movements and prevents the infant
from exploring and developing gross motor skills. The nurse should recommend
that the infant be allowed to explore the environment safely.
ANSWERS 2026 Newest Actual Exam With Complete
Questions And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified
Answers) |Already Graded A+
A parent brings a newborn client to the healthcare provider's office. The newborn
is vomiting, has abdominal distention, and is diagnosed with pyloric stenosis.
Which characteristic of the newborn's emesis does the nurse expect?
a. Black in appearance
b. Diminished after feedings
c. Projectile and forceful
d. Thick and full of mucus - Answer-c. Projectile and forceful
An infant with pyloric stenosis will present with projectile vomiting and abdominal
distention. Other symptoms include weight loss, constipation, dehydration, and
visible peristaltic waves. Pyloric stenosis is partial obstruction of the passageway
from the stomach to the duodenum due to a thickening or obstruction of the
pylorus. Emesis that is black is expected with bleeding, but not with pyloric
stenosis. In pyloric stenosis, vomiting occurs after feeding. The food or liquid is
unable to pass through the obstructed pylorus and vomiting results. The emesis is
liquid and not thick with mucus. The treatment for pyloric stenosis is surgical
repair.
,Pediatric clients with idiopathic hypopituitarism characteristically have short
stature and slow growth. Children typically fall off the growth curve in height and
may have weight gain that is out of proportion to height. Idiopathic
hypopituitarism is diminished or deficient secretion of one or more of the
pituitary hormones, including adrenocorticoids and growth hormone. Evidence of
hypoglycemia is more common. Sexual development is usually absent or delayed
due to the lack of pituitary hormones that stimulate sexual development.
Increased thirst and urination may be seen in hypopituitarism due to a lack of
antidiuretic hormone.
The nurse observes a child client walk up and down steps. The nurse notes the
child has a steady gait and can use short sentences. The nurse estimates the
child's age to be how many months?
a. 8 months
b. 12 months
c. 16 months
d. 24 months - Answer-d. 24 months
The 24-month-old child goes up and down stairs alone, runs well with a wide
stance, builds a tower of six to seven blocks, and has a vocabulary of about 300
words. The 8-month-old child can roll over from stomach to back and begins to
distinguish and recognize strangers. The 12-month-old child needs help walking,
eats with fingers, and says three to five words other than "dada" and "mama."
The 16-month-old child walks without help, kneels without support, and says four
to six words including names.
The nurse in a pediatric clinic during health record audits and notices that a
preschool client is on a delayed immunization schedule per the parents' request.
The client is 5 years old, and it has been 3 weeks since the initial administration of
,the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Which is the best response by
the nurse?
a. Nothing, this is completely normal and goes along with the catch-up schedule
by the CDC
b. Call the parents and harshly explain the dangers of the delayed immunization
schedule
c. Call the parents and explain that the child will need to be seen in the next week
to receive the second dose of the MMR vaccine to keep on schedule
d. Call Child Protective Services (CPS) because the child is clearly in an abusive
situation - Answer-c. Call the parents and explain that the child will need to be
seen in the next week to receive the second dose of the MMR vaccine to keep on
schedule
According to the CDC, the MMR vaccine requires a 4-week time period between
the first and second dose. The CDC does have a catch-up schedule, and although
this is correct, the nurse needs to take action to ensure the parents are aware of
the schedule so the preschooler gets the dose in the correct time frame. This is an
appropriate action by the nurse. The nurse should provide unbiased teaching to
ensure that the parents comply with the schedule as set by the CDC. The CDC
provides recommended guidelines for vaccinations. The child is late on the MMR
vaccine, but is not clearly in an abusive situation. This action by the nurse is
inappropriate and unprofessional.
An adolescent client diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD)
asks why methylphenidate was prescribed. The nurse educates the client and
parents that methylphenidate is prescribed for which desired effect?
a. Antidepressant
b. Anxiolytic
, c. Sedative-hypnotic
d. CNS stimulant - Answer-d. CNS stimulant
Pharmacological therapy is useful in the management of attention deficit
hyperactive disorder. Central nervous system stimulants improve concentration
and adaptive behavior. CNS stimulants include methylphenidate, atomoxetine,
modafinil, armodafinil, and the amphetamines. Adverse effects include
depersonalization, dizziness, facial tics, headaches, insomnia, increased blood
pressure, and irritability. The medication is not an antidepressant.
Methylphenidate is not used to decrease or control anxiety. Methylphenidate is
not a sedative-hypnotic. Examples of sedative-hypnotics include phenobarbital,
secobarbital, flurazepam, and lorazepam.
The nurse is teaching a parenting class. Which action does the nurse include as
the most important to promote mobility in infants?
a. Encourage a daily exercise program
b. Use a playpen whenever possible
c. Provide safe toys and play areas
d. Teach noncompetitive activities - Answer-c. Provide safe toys and play areas
Be aware of safety concerns for the infant, including aspirating foreign objects,
poisoning, burns, and falls from infant seats, high chairs, walkers, and swings.
Infants are very active. Therefore, formal exercise programs are not
recommended. The use of a playpen restricts movements and prevents the infant
from exploring and developing gross motor skills. The nurse should recommend
that the infant be allowed to explore the environment safely.
