ACTUAL 2025 AQA A-LEVEL HISTORY Component 2Q The American Dream: Reality and Illusion, 1945–
1980
Question Paper & Mark Scheme (Merged) Friday 6 June 2025 [VERIFIED]
IB/G/Jun25/G4005/E5 7042/2Q
, 2
Section A
Answer Question 01.
Source A
From an address to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP), by President Truman, 29 June 1947.
As Americans, we believe that every man should be free to live his life as he wishes. He should
be limited only by his responsibility to his fellow countrymen and each man should be
guaranteed equality of opportunity. The only limit to an American’s achievement should be his
ability, his industry, and his character. Our task is to remove the final barriers which stand
between millions of citizens and their birthright. There is no justifiable reason for discrimination 5
because of ancestry, or religion, or race, or color. We must not tolerate such limitations on the
freedom of any of our people and on their enjoyment of the basic rights which every citizen in a
truly democratic society must possess. Every man should have the right to a decent home, the
right to education, the right to adequate medical care, the right to a worthwhile job, the right to
10
an equal share in making the public decisions through the ballot, and the right to a fair trial in a
fair court.
Source B
From the testimony of General Eisenhower to the Senate Armed Services Committee,
24 April 1948. Eisenhower opposed President Truman’s ambition to desegregate the
army.
Now, if you are going to go further with desegregating the army, here is the problem you run
into. In general, the black man is less well educated than his white counterpart. If you
completely integrate, what you are going to get in every company is blacks relegated to the
minor jobs. The black man is never going to get a promotion because the competition is too
tough. If, on the other hand, he is in smaller units of his own, he can move up and I believe he is 5
entitled to show his own abilities. I do not mean to say that I have a final answer to the
problem, and I believe that the problem of racism will disappear through education, through
mutual respect, and so on. But I do believe that if we attempt merely by passing a lot of laws to
force someone to like someone else, we are just going to get into trouble.
10
IB/G/Jun25/7042/2Q
, 3
Source C
From the verdict in the McLaurin v Oklahoma case by Chief Justice Vinson, 5 June 1950.
McLaurin attended the University of Oklahoma but was segregated from white students.
It may be argued that Mr McLaurin will be in no better position when these restrictions
are removed, for he may still be rejected by his fellow students. We think this is
irrelevant. There is a vast difference – a constitutional difference – between restrictions
imposed by the state which prohibit the intellectual mixing of students, and the refusal of
individuals to mix. The removal of the state restrictions will not necessarily stop 5
individual and group prejudices but, at the very least, the state will not be depriving
Mr McLaurin of the opportunity to secure acceptance by his fellow students on his own
merits. We conclude that the current conditions of Mr McLaurin’s education deprive him
of his right to the equal protection of the laws. We hold that the Fourteenth Amendment
prevents differences in treatment by the state, based upon race. McLaurin, having been 10
admitted to a state-supported graduate school, must receive the same treatment at the
hands of the state as students of other races.
0 1 With reference to these sources and your understanding of the historical context,
assess the value of these three sources to an historian studying responses to the
campaign for African-American Civil Rights in the years 1945 to 1950.
[30 marks]
Turn over for Section B
IB/G/Jun25/7042/2Q Turn over ►
1980
Question Paper & Mark Scheme (Merged) Friday 6 June 2025 [VERIFIED]
IB/G/Jun25/G4005/E5 7042/2Q
, 2
Section A
Answer Question 01.
Source A
From an address to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP), by President Truman, 29 June 1947.
As Americans, we believe that every man should be free to live his life as he wishes. He should
be limited only by his responsibility to his fellow countrymen and each man should be
guaranteed equality of opportunity. The only limit to an American’s achievement should be his
ability, his industry, and his character. Our task is to remove the final barriers which stand
between millions of citizens and their birthright. There is no justifiable reason for discrimination 5
because of ancestry, or religion, or race, or color. We must not tolerate such limitations on the
freedom of any of our people and on their enjoyment of the basic rights which every citizen in a
truly democratic society must possess. Every man should have the right to a decent home, the
right to education, the right to adequate medical care, the right to a worthwhile job, the right to
10
an equal share in making the public decisions through the ballot, and the right to a fair trial in a
fair court.
Source B
From the testimony of General Eisenhower to the Senate Armed Services Committee,
24 April 1948. Eisenhower opposed President Truman’s ambition to desegregate the
army.
Now, if you are going to go further with desegregating the army, here is the problem you run
into. In general, the black man is less well educated than his white counterpart. If you
completely integrate, what you are going to get in every company is blacks relegated to the
minor jobs. The black man is never going to get a promotion because the competition is too
tough. If, on the other hand, he is in smaller units of his own, he can move up and I believe he is 5
entitled to show his own abilities. I do not mean to say that I have a final answer to the
problem, and I believe that the problem of racism will disappear through education, through
mutual respect, and so on. But I do believe that if we attempt merely by passing a lot of laws to
force someone to like someone else, we are just going to get into trouble.
10
IB/G/Jun25/7042/2Q
, 3
Source C
From the verdict in the McLaurin v Oklahoma case by Chief Justice Vinson, 5 June 1950.
McLaurin attended the University of Oklahoma but was segregated from white students.
It may be argued that Mr McLaurin will be in no better position when these restrictions
are removed, for he may still be rejected by his fellow students. We think this is
irrelevant. There is a vast difference – a constitutional difference – between restrictions
imposed by the state which prohibit the intellectual mixing of students, and the refusal of
individuals to mix. The removal of the state restrictions will not necessarily stop 5
individual and group prejudices but, at the very least, the state will not be depriving
Mr McLaurin of the opportunity to secure acceptance by his fellow students on his own
merits. We conclude that the current conditions of Mr McLaurin’s education deprive him
of his right to the equal protection of the laws. We hold that the Fourteenth Amendment
prevents differences in treatment by the state, based upon race. McLaurin, having been 10
admitted to a state-supported graduate school, must receive the same treatment at the
hands of the state as students of other races.
0 1 With reference to these sources and your understanding of the historical context,
assess the value of these three sources to an historian studying responses to the
campaign for African-American Civil Rights in the years 1945 to 1950.
[30 marks]
Turn over for Section B
IB/G/Jun25/7042/2Q Turn over ►
