BMS 300 UPDATED EXAM SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Lysosome - ✔✔garbage disposal of the cell (creates proteins which break things
down; proteases, lipases)
✔✔Glycosylation - ✔✔covalently linking sugars to proteins (take places when vesicles
bind to membranes)
✔✔Cis-Golgi - ✔✔the top piece of the golgi apparatus which receives incoming
materials
✔✔Trans-Golgi - ✔✔the bottom piece of the golgi apparatus from which materials leave
after being processed
✔✔Exocytosis - ✔✔fusion of the vesicular membrane to the plasma membrane
✔✔Endocytosis - ✔✔the process of materials being taken into the cell (happens in
macrophages)
✔✔What do mitochondria and prokaryotes have in common? - ✔✔Circular DNA, double
membrane, similar ribosomes
✔✔Oxidative Phosphorylation - ✔✔The process of bacteria using oxygen to make
adenosine triphosphate
✔✔Endosymbiosis of Mitochondria - ✔✔Theory that a eukaryote absorbed a
mitochondria and it escaped from the vesicle, and remained in the cell. Evolved to be
part of eukaryotic cells.
✔✔Filamentous Actin - ✔✔polymer of globular actin (G-actin)
✔✔Microtubules - ✔✔polymers of tubulin
✔✔How do tubulin molecules assemble into microtubules? - ✔✔Tubulin molecules have
Alpha (disassembly) and Beta (assembly) ends which stick together alpha-to-beta to
form sheets of tubulin (end to end and side to side)
✔✔Which way are microtubules oriented within neurons? - ✔✔The negative end of a
microtubule faces the cell body of a neuron while the positive end faces the axons
terminals
✔✔Which way does kinesin move within a neuron? - ✔✔Kinesin is a positive end
directed molecular motor
, ✔✔How does kinesin stick and unstick its feet? - ✔✔The front foot binds with ATP and
as it does zips, releasing ADP and inorganic phosphate.
✔✔Which way does dynein move within a neuron? - ✔✔Dyenein is a - end directed
molecular motor (opposite of kinesin)
✔✔Myosin - ✔✔an ATPase, positive end directed motor, moves like kinesin
✔✔What type of bonds connect bases within two strands of DNA? - ✔✔Hydrogen
bonds
✔✔What type of bond is created when two 5-Carbon Sugars bond together from the top
carbon of one to the bottom oxygen of the other - ✔✔Phosphodiester Linkage (C--O--P-
-O--OH)
✔✔DNA strands are oriented in ________ directions; they are _________ -
✔✔Opposite; antiparallel
✔✔Each deoxyribose in a strand of DNA is ________ linked to a nitrogenous base -
✔✔Covalently
✔✔DNA Helicase - ✔✔Unwinds DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between
nitrogenous bases
✔✔DNA Polymerase - ✔✔Reads DNA and assembles nitrogenous bases to create a
complimentary strand
✔✔In which direction does DNA polymerase read a strand of DNA? - ✔✔3' to 5'
✔✔What is the difference between the sugars in RNA and the sugars in DNA? - ✔✔The
sugars in RNA contain a hydroxide group where the sugars in DNA contain a simple
hydrogen. This hydroxide group prevents RNA from folding into a helix well, and gives it
a more rudimentary structure
✔✔Where does RNA Polymerase begin reading a strand of DNA? - ✔✔TATA Box
✔✔Promoter - ✔✔Consensus sequences of bases in DNA where proteins called
transcription factors bind
✔✔Transcription Factor - ✔✔Group of proteins that bind to a strand of DNA and direct
RNA polymerase to where to begin reading the strand
✔✔In which direction does RNA polymerase read a strand of DNA? - ✔✔3' to 5'
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Lysosome - ✔✔garbage disposal of the cell (creates proteins which break things
down; proteases, lipases)
✔✔Glycosylation - ✔✔covalently linking sugars to proteins (take places when vesicles
bind to membranes)
✔✔Cis-Golgi - ✔✔the top piece of the golgi apparatus which receives incoming
materials
✔✔Trans-Golgi - ✔✔the bottom piece of the golgi apparatus from which materials leave
after being processed
✔✔Exocytosis - ✔✔fusion of the vesicular membrane to the plasma membrane
✔✔Endocytosis - ✔✔the process of materials being taken into the cell (happens in
macrophages)
✔✔What do mitochondria and prokaryotes have in common? - ✔✔Circular DNA, double
membrane, similar ribosomes
✔✔Oxidative Phosphorylation - ✔✔The process of bacteria using oxygen to make
adenosine triphosphate
✔✔Endosymbiosis of Mitochondria - ✔✔Theory that a eukaryote absorbed a
mitochondria and it escaped from the vesicle, and remained in the cell. Evolved to be
part of eukaryotic cells.
✔✔Filamentous Actin - ✔✔polymer of globular actin (G-actin)
✔✔Microtubules - ✔✔polymers of tubulin
✔✔How do tubulin molecules assemble into microtubules? - ✔✔Tubulin molecules have
Alpha (disassembly) and Beta (assembly) ends which stick together alpha-to-beta to
form sheets of tubulin (end to end and side to side)
✔✔Which way are microtubules oriented within neurons? - ✔✔The negative end of a
microtubule faces the cell body of a neuron while the positive end faces the axons
terminals
✔✔Which way does kinesin move within a neuron? - ✔✔Kinesin is a positive end
directed molecular motor
, ✔✔How does kinesin stick and unstick its feet? - ✔✔The front foot binds with ATP and
as it does zips, releasing ADP and inorganic phosphate.
✔✔Which way does dynein move within a neuron? - ✔✔Dyenein is a - end directed
molecular motor (opposite of kinesin)
✔✔Myosin - ✔✔an ATPase, positive end directed motor, moves like kinesin
✔✔What type of bonds connect bases within two strands of DNA? - ✔✔Hydrogen
bonds
✔✔What type of bond is created when two 5-Carbon Sugars bond together from the top
carbon of one to the bottom oxygen of the other - ✔✔Phosphodiester Linkage (C--O--P-
-O--OH)
✔✔DNA strands are oriented in ________ directions; they are _________ -
✔✔Opposite; antiparallel
✔✔Each deoxyribose in a strand of DNA is ________ linked to a nitrogenous base -
✔✔Covalently
✔✔DNA Helicase - ✔✔Unwinds DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between
nitrogenous bases
✔✔DNA Polymerase - ✔✔Reads DNA and assembles nitrogenous bases to create a
complimentary strand
✔✔In which direction does DNA polymerase read a strand of DNA? - ✔✔3' to 5'
✔✔What is the difference between the sugars in RNA and the sugars in DNA? - ✔✔The
sugars in RNA contain a hydroxide group where the sugars in DNA contain a simple
hydrogen. This hydroxide group prevents RNA from folding into a helix well, and gives it
a more rudimentary structure
✔✔Where does RNA Polymerase begin reading a strand of DNA? - ✔✔TATA Box
✔✔Promoter - ✔✔Consensus sequences of bases in DNA where proteins called
transcription factors bind
✔✔Transcription Factor - ✔✔Group of proteins that bind to a strand of DNA and direct
RNA polymerase to where to begin reading the strand
✔✔In which direction does RNA polymerase read a strand of DNA? - ✔✔3' to 5'
