FSU FINAL EXAM BSC2026 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

FSU FINAL EXAM BSC2026 WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS

Whatrisrtheratomicrnucleusrandrwhatrisritrmaderuprof?r-rAns--
thercenterrofranratomrmaderuprofrprotonsrandrneutrons

Atomicrnumberr-rAns--thernumberrofrprotonsrinrthernucleusrofranratom

Atomicrmassr-rAns--thernumberrofrprotonsrandrneutrons

Howrdoesrtherstructurerofratomsrdeterminertheirrchemicalrproperties?r-
rAns--Subatomicrparticlesrmakerupreveryratom



Valencerelectronsr-rAns--
anrouterrshellrelectronrthatrisrassociatedrwithranratom,randrthatrcanrparticip
aterinrtherformationrofrarchemicalrbondrifrtherouterrshellrisrnotrclosed;rinrarsin
glercovalentrbond,rbothratomsrinrtherbondrcontributeronervalencerelectronri
nrorderrtorformrarsharedrpair.

Howrdoratomsrinteractrwithreachrotherrtorformrlargerrmolecules?r-rAns--
Theyrrearrangertheirrelectronsrtorcreaterfullrouterrshells

Whatrtyperofrbondrisrwaterrandrwhyrisritrarveryrpolarrcompound?r-rAns--
covalentrbond-roxygenrpullsrelectronsrawayrfromrtherhydrogen,rcreatingr-
randr+rpoles



Whatrisrtherdefinitionrofranrionicrbondrandrgiverandrexample?r-rAns--
Therdonating/
racceptingrofrelectronsrbyrarnonrmetalrandrmetalrelementr(cationsr+randrani

onsr-)r:rNa+rCl-

Whatrisrtherdefinitionrofrarcovalentrbond?r-rAns--
Thersharingrofrvalencerelectronsrbetweenrtwornonrmetalrelements

,Nonrpolarrcovalentrbondr-rAns--
electronrisrsharedrequallyr(similarrelectronegativity)

ExamplesrofrNPrcovalentrbondsr-rAns--O-O
C-C
C-H

Polarrcovalentrbondr-rAns--
unequalrsharingrofrelectronsr(partialrchargesronratoms)

ExamplesrofrPrcovalentrbondsr-rAns--O-H
N-H
O-C
N-C
S-H
S-C

Whyrisr-CH3rnonrpolar?r-rAns--
Becauserhydrogenrandrcarbonrhaversimilarrelectronegativity

Whatrmakesrarchemicalrbondrweak?r-rAns--
bondsrdornotrinvolvertherexchangerorrsharingrofrelectrons

Hydrogenrbondr-rAns---
rarweakrbondrthatrformsrwhenrarhydrogenratomrcovalentlyrbondedrtoronerel

ectronegativeratomrisralsorattractedrtoranotherrelectronegativeratom
-attractionsrbetweenrS+randrS-r
-transient
-collectivelyrstrong

Chemicalrequilibriumr-rAns--
isrreachedrwhenrtherforwardrandrreverserreactionrratesrarerequal.rAtrequilib
rium,rtherrelativerconcentrationsrofrreactantsrandrproductsrdornotrchange

Whyrdorhydrogenrbondsrformrbetweenrwaterratoms?r-rAns--
becausertherwaterrmoleculerisrarpolarrmoleculerwhichrmeansrtheroppositer
endsrhaveroppositercharges.rTherpolarityrallowsrwaterrmoleculesrtorformrh
ydrogenrbondsrwithreachrother

, Whatrisrtherimportancerofrhydrogenrbondsrbetweenrwaterratoms?r-rAns--
waterrhasrtworpolarrcovalentrbondsrandrtheirrmoleculesrarerheldrtogetherrb
yrhydrogenrbonds

Howrarerhowrhydrogenrbondsrresponsiblerforrtherresistancertorchangesrinrt
emperature?r-rAns--therhighrspecificrheat

Howrarerhydrogenrbondsrresponsiblerforrtherstoragerandrreleaserofrheatren
ergy?r-rAns---heatrisrabsorbed,rbreakrHrbonds,rrequiresrenergy
-heatrisrreleased,rformsrHrbonds,rreleasesrenergy

Whatrhappensrwhenranrionicrcompoundrisrdissolvedrinrwater?r-rAns--
eachrionrisrsurroundedrbyrarsphererofrwaterrmoleculesrcalledrarhydrationrsh
ell

Whatrmoleculesrarerablertordissolverinrwater?r-rAns--
polarr(hydrophilic)rmolecules

Whatrmoleculesrarerunablertordissolverinrwater?r-rAns--non-
rpolarr(hydrophobic)rmolecules,rex:roilrandrhydrocarbons



Molarityr-rAns--armeasurementrforrconcentrationrofrsolutermolecules

T/F:rConcentrationsrofrH+randrOH-rarerequalrinrpurerwaterr-rAns--T

Whatrisrtherhydrogenratomrthatrleavesritsrelectronrbehindrandrisrtransferred
rasrarproton?r-rAns--arhydrogenrionr(H+)



Whatrisrthermoleculerthatrlostrtherproton?r-rAns--arhydroxiderionr(OH-)

Acidr-rAns---rincreasesrH+rconcentration
-rpHrgoesrdown,r<7
-rdonaterH+rinraqueousrsolutions

Baser-rAns---rdecreasesrH+rconcentration
-rpHrgoesrup,r>7
-rdonaterOH-rorracceptrH+rinraqueousrsolutions