ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY FINAL EXAM ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔endomyocardial fibrosis - ✔✔Endocardial thickening seen with restrictive CM
✔✔hemochromatosis - ✔✔Excess iron and seen with restrictive CM
✔✔Pompes disease - ✔✔Glycogen storage
✔✔Ground glass appearance - ✔✔Speckled pattern seen with restrictive CM
✔✔Amyloid and sarcoid - ✔✔Are infiltrative cardiac anomalies
✔✔Diastolic phases - ✔✔Isovolumic relaxation(closure of AOV to opening of MV; early
filling; diastasis; atrial contraction
✔✔Epicardial fat pad - ✔✔Isolated anterior echo-free space
✔✔Pericardial effusions - ✔✔Are between LA and DAO
✔✔pleural effusions - ✔✔Lie posterior to DAO
✔✔Tamponade - ✔✔Is a clinical dx made at bedside;it is compression of the heart
caused by fluid collection in the sac surrounding the heart. echo helps determine the
amount and location of fluid.
✔✔Swinging heart - ✔✔Seen with tamponade
✔✔Mechanical valves - ✔✔Are durable but need blood thinners
✔✔Bioprosthetic tissue valves - ✔✔No blood thinners but not as durable
✔✔Homografts - ✔✔Same species
✔✔Heterografts - ✔✔Different species
✔✔Autografts - ✔✔Patients own tissue
✔✔Dehiscene - ✔✔Rupture
✔✔Pannus formation - ✔✔Abnormal layer of fibrovascular tissue. Seen with prosthetic
valves
, ✔✔Hemolysis - ✔✔Rupture or destruction of RBCs. Can happen with prosthetic valves.
✔✔Libman-sachs - ✔✔Is a form of nonbacterial endocarditis
✔✔Eosinophilic - ✔✔Type of WBC
✔✔Marantic - ✔✔Non bacterial
✔✔Ring abscess - ✔✔Pus containing infection aka myocardial abscess
✔✔Mitral valve prolapse - ✔✔Prolapse is defined as systolic movement of 1 or 2 mv
leaflets into LA
✔✔Maxomatous degeneration - ✔✔Is the weakening of connective tissue and can
cause MVP
✔✔Marfans - ✔✔An inherited disorder that effects connective tissue
✔✔Ehlers-danlos - ✔✔A group of inherited disorders that mostly affects the skin, joints,
and blood vessels
✔✔Lupus - ✔✔An inflammatory disease caused when the immune system attacks its
own tissues
✔✔Wolf parkinson white syndrome - ✔✔An extra electrical pathway in the heart that
causes a rapid heart beat
✔✔Secundum ASD - ✔✔birth defect that causes a whole in the wall between atria
✔✔Racile habitus - ✔✔Thin for their height
✔✔Dp/dt - ✔✔Is the rate of rise of LV pressure. Its the change delta in pressure over
change delt in time
✔✔Central venous pressure - ✔✔Refers to the IVC pressure close to RA
✔✔Aortitis - ✔✔Inflammed aorta
✔✔Diastolic blow - ✔✔The classic regurg murmur
✔✔Hemoptysis - ✔✔Bloody sputum
✔✔Ms murmur - ✔✔Diastolic rumble
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔endomyocardial fibrosis - ✔✔Endocardial thickening seen with restrictive CM
✔✔hemochromatosis - ✔✔Excess iron and seen with restrictive CM
✔✔Pompes disease - ✔✔Glycogen storage
✔✔Ground glass appearance - ✔✔Speckled pattern seen with restrictive CM
✔✔Amyloid and sarcoid - ✔✔Are infiltrative cardiac anomalies
✔✔Diastolic phases - ✔✔Isovolumic relaxation(closure of AOV to opening of MV; early
filling; diastasis; atrial contraction
✔✔Epicardial fat pad - ✔✔Isolated anterior echo-free space
✔✔Pericardial effusions - ✔✔Are between LA and DAO
✔✔pleural effusions - ✔✔Lie posterior to DAO
✔✔Tamponade - ✔✔Is a clinical dx made at bedside;it is compression of the heart
caused by fluid collection in the sac surrounding the heart. echo helps determine the
amount and location of fluid.
✔✔Swinging heart - ✔✔Seen with tamponade
✔✔Mechanical valves - ✔✔Are durable but need blood thinners
✔✔Bioprosthetic tissue valves - ✔✔No blood thinners but not as durable
✔✔Homografts - ✔✔Same species
✔✔Heterografts - ✔✔Different species
✔✔Autografts - ✔✔Patients own tissue
✔✔Dehiscene - ✔✔Rupture
✔✔Pannus formation - ✔✔Abnormal layer of fibrovascular tissue. Seen with prosthetic
valves
, ✔✔Hemolysis - ✔✔Rupture or destruction of RBCs. Can happen with prosthetic valves.
✔✔Libman-sachs - ✔✔Is a form of nonbacterial endocarditis
✔✔Eosinophilic - ✔✔Type of WBC
✔✔Marantic - ✔✔Non bacterial
✔✔Ring abscess - ✔✔Pus containing infection aka myocardial abscess
✔✔Mitral valve prolapse - ✔✔Prolapse is defined as systolic movement of 1 or 2 mv
leaflets into LA
✔✔Maxomatous degeneration - ✔✔Is the weakening of connective tissue and can
cause MVP
✔✔Marfans - ✔✔An inherited disorder that effects connective tissue
✔✔Ehlers-danlos - ✔✔A group of inherited disorders that mostly affects the skin, joints,
and blood vessels
✔✔Lupus - ✔✔An inflammatory disease caused when the immune system attacks its
own tissues
✔✔Wolf parkinson white syndrome - ✔✔An extra electrical pathway in the heart that
causes a rapid heart beat
✔✔Secundum ASD - ✔✔birth defect that causes a whole in the wall between atria
✔✔Racile habitus - ✔✔Thin for their height
✔✔Dp/dt - ✔✔Is the rate of rise of LV pressure. Its the change delta in pressure over
change delt in time
✔✔Central venous pressure - ✔✔Refers to the IVC pressure close to RA
✔✔Aortitis - ✔✔Inflammed aorta
✔✔Diastolic blow - ✔✔The classic regurg murmur
✔✔Hemoptysis - ✔✔Bloody sputum
✔✔Ms murmur - ✔✔Diastolic rumble
