NYSTCE ESOL Exam Questions
with Answers 100% PASS
Stages of first-language acquisition - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Babbling;
2. One-word;
3. Two-word;
4. Telegraphic;
5. Multi-word
1st stage of first-language acquisition - CORRECT ANSWER-Babbling - 6-8
months old; child beings making repettitive patterns of sound with his mouth
2nd stage of first-language acquisition - CORRECT ANSWER-One-word (aka
one-morpheme, one-unit, holophrastic) - 9-18 months; child begins to make basic
word stems and single open-class words
3rd stage of first-language acquisition - CORRECT ANSWER-Two-word - 18-24
months; the child begins making miniature sentences with simple semantic
relations
,4th stage of first-language acquisition - CORRECT ANSWER-Telegraphic (aka
early multiword or multimorpheme) - 24-30 months; child begins to express
sentence structures with lexical rather than functional or grammatical morphemes
5th stage of first-language acquisition - CORRECT ANSWER-Late multiword -
30+ months; characteristic grammatical or functional structures of the primary
language emerge and are incorporated
Behaviorist model - CORRECT ANSWER-B.F. Skinner.
Individuals learn language as a direct response to stimuli.
Language words/pattern produce certain activities in the real word and the
individual develops a mental response to those stimuli.
Correct responses are reinforced and therefore perpetuated.
Problems with application of behaviorist model to language acquisition -
CORRECT ANSWER-Overly simplistic and does not take into account the
extreme complexity of language.
Linguistic response does not always elicit clear and recognizable
rewards/punishments suggesting it would be difficult for a child to have responses
reinforced.
Nativist model - CORRECT ANSWER-Chomsky.
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,People are born with universal grammar wired into their brains which they use as
template for language acquisition.
Principles of language are innate and parameters of each language are acquired in
the first few years of life.
Zone of proximal development - CORRECT ANSWER-Vygotsky's sociocultural
theory.
Learning begins as a result of interpersonal communication.
Difference between what a person knows and what he could know if given
assistance from someone else.
Scaffolding (temporary aid) including modeling, providing cues, and encouraging.
Brofenbrenner's ecological model - CORRECT ANSWER-Described
development in terms of 4 nested levels:
1. Microsystem - immediate environment;
2. Mesosystem - interactions between components of environment;
3. Exosystem - more general elements of environment;
4. Macrosystem - overarching environmental influences like cultural beliefs
Steve Pinker - CORRECT ANSWER-Agreed with Chomsky that humans are born
with an innate capacity for learning/understanding language.
Added that this capacity is the result of millions of years of evolution;
, people developed predisposition toward language because communication
increased odds of survival.
BICS and CALP - CORRECT ANSWER-Jim Cummins.
BICS - language in informal and social settings
CALP - language in the classroom (academic)
Uses of these terms has made it easier for educators to assess linguistic ability.
Social interactionist model - CORRECT ANSWER-Relationship between
newborn and caregiver.
Child will begin to establish goals in the world and will need eto devise linguistic
strategies for achieving them; child will draw on linguistic and nonlinguistic
utterances that he has heard and use it to achieve his ends.
Does not provide explanation for ability to improvise language even by young
children.
Cognitive model - CORRECT ANSWER-Piaget.
Individuals develop linguistic skills in order to control their environment - 4 stages
of cognitive development.
1. Sensorimotor - 0-2 years; child learns to physically hand objects;
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with Answers 100% PASS
Stages of first-language acquisition - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Babbling;
2. One-word;
3. Two-word;
4. Telegraphic;
5. Multi-word
1st stage of first-language acquisition - CORRECT ANSWER-Babbling - 6-8
months old; child beings making repettitive patterns of sound with his mouth
2nd stage of first-language acquisition - CORRECT ANSWER-One-word (aka
one-morpheme, one-unit, holophrastic) - 9-18 months; child begins to make basic
word stems and single open-class words
3rd stage of first-language acquisition - CORRECT ANSWER-Two-word - 18-24
months; the child begins making miniature sentences with simple semantic
relations
,4th stage of first-language acquisition - CORRECT ANSWER-Telegraphic (aka
early multiword or multimorpheme) - 24-30 months; child begins to express
sentence structures with lexical rather than functional or grammatical morphemes
5th stage of first-language acquisition - CORRECT ANSWER-Late multiword -
30+ months; characteristic grammatical or functional structures of the primary
language emerge and are incorporated
Behaviorist model - CORRECT ANSWER-B.F. Skinner.
Individuals learn language as a direct response to stimuli.
Language words/pattern produce certain activities in the real word and the
individual develops a mental response to those stimuli.
Correct responses are reinforced and therefore perpetuated.
Problems with application of behaviorist model to language acquisition -
CORRECT ANSWER-Overly simplistic and does not take into account the
extreme complexity of language.
Linguistic response does not always elicit clear and recognizable
rewards/punishments suggesting it would be difficult for a child to have responses
reinforced.
Nativist model - CORRECT ANSWER-Chomsky.
COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,People are born with universal grammar wired into their brains which they use as
template for language acquisition.
Principles of language are innate and parameters of each language are acquired in
the first few years of life.
Zone of proximal development - CORRECT ANSWER-Vygotsky's sociocultural
theory.
Learning begins as a result of interpersonal communication.
Difference between what a person knows and what he could know if given
assistance from someone else.
Scaffolding (temporary aid) including modeling, providing cues, and encouraging.
Brofenbrenner's ecological model - CORRECT ANSWER-Described
development in terms of 4 nested levels:
1. Microsystem - immediate environment;
2. Mesosystem - interactions between components of environment;
3. Exosystem - more general elements of environment;
4. Macrosystem - overarching environmental influences like cultural beliefs
Steve Pinker - CORRECT ANSWER-Agreed with Chomsky that humans are born
with an innate capacity for learning/understanding language.
Added that this capacity is the result of millions of years of evolution;
, people developed predisposition toward language because communication
increased odds of survival.
BICS and CALP - CORRECT ANSWER-Jim Cummins.
BICS - language in informal and social settings
CALP - language in the classroom (academic)
Uses of these terms has made it easier for educators to assess linguistic ability.
Social interactionist model - CORRECT ANSWER-Relationship between
newborn and caregiver.
Child will begin to establish goals in the world and will need eto devise linguistic
strategies for achieving them; child will draw on linguistic and nonlinguistic
utterances that he has heard and use it to achieve his ends.
Does not provide explanation for ability to improvise language even by young
children.
Cognitive model - CORRECT ANSWER-Piaget.
Individuals develop linguistic skills in order to control their environment - 4 stages
of cognitive development.
1. Sensorimotor - 0-2 years; child learns to physically hand objects;
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