Bovine NAVLE set Exam Questions
and Answers 100% PASS
Anthrax is caused by what bacteria? - CORRECT ANSWER-Gram-positive rod
bacteria called Bacillus anthracis
Why is it difficult to clean bacillus anthracis out of the environment? - CORRECT
ANSWER-The endospores, which live in the environment, are resistant to heat/
drying/ disinfectants
Clinical findings for anthrax? - CORRECT ANSWER-Bloody discharge from
mouth, nose, anus
Absence of rigor mortis in death, dark blood that does not clot, rapid bloating
Diagnosis of anthrax? - CORRECT ANSWER-submit blood/ tissue to diagnostic
lab
NO NECROPSY
T/f: anthrax vaccine is effective - CORRECT ANSWER-true
,How should anthrax carcasses be disposed of? - CORRECT ANSWER-burn or
bury the carcass without moving or cutting open the animal
What are the different forms of anthrax? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Cutaneous -
most common
2. GI anthrax - get from eating the meat
3. Inhalation - near 100% mortality
A worker on a beef farm helped bury some dead heifers found in the field a couple
days ago. He develops a papule on his arm that has now become ulcerated and
there is swelling around it. A couple days later a black eschar forms. What is he
being affected by? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cutaneous form of anthrax
What is the treatment for anthrax? - CORRECT ANSWER-Ciprofloxacin (or
doxy/ penicillin) - lasts 60 days
What organism causes blackleg? - CORRECT ANSWER-Clostridium chauvoei
What age of cattle are affected by blackleg? - CORRECT ANSWER-6 months -
two years old
How are cows infected with Closterium Chauvoei (blackleg)? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Endospores ingested, cross GI, into bloodstream
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,Bacteria are activated and multiply in an anaerobic environment like bruise of
damaged muscle tissue
What predisposes cows to developing Closterium Chauvoei (blackleg)? -
CORRECT ANSWER-travelling, handling, injection, rough activities that would
bruise muscle
Clinical signs of Closterium Chauvoei (blackleg)? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Lameness/ fever/ depression
*Swelling with palpable crepitus*
animals can die without clinical signs within 12-48 hours
Diagnosis of Closterium Chauvoei (blackleg)? - CORRECT ANSWER-Gaseous
swelling
Post-mortem - black/ necrotic area that has a foul/ sweet odor like rancid butter
Treatment of Closterium Chauvoei (blackleg)? - CORRECT ANSWER-Fatal
normally unless treated early with penicillin
Most survivors have permanent deformity
, Prevention of Closterium Chauvoei (blackleg) - CORRECT ANSWER-7-way
bacterin vaccine
What bacteria causes malignant edema? - CORRECT ANSWER-Any of the
clostridia in a 7-way vaccine
Which bacteria causes bighead in sheep? - CORRECT ANSWER-C. novyi type A
How does malignant edema occur? - CORRECT ANSWER-Clostridium infects an
open wound (injury, castration, difficult parturition)
Clinical signs of malignant edema? - CORRECT ANSWER-Swelling/ edema in
the dependent portion of a wound
Depression/ anorexia/ fever
Death within 24-48 hours
Diagnosis of malignant edema? - CORRECT ANSWER-Swelling without gas
accumulation
Infected areas is darkened with foul odor
COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
and Answers 100% PASS
Anthrax is caused by what bacteria? - CORRECT ANSWER-Gram-positive rod
bacteria called Bacillus anthracis
Why is it difficult to clean bacillus anthracis out of the environment? - CORRECT
ANSWER-The endospores, which live in the environment, are resistant to heat/
drying/ disinfectants
Clinical findings for anthrax? - CORRECT ANSWER-Bloody discharge from
mouth, nose, anus
Absence of rigor mortis in death, dark blood that does not clot, rapid bloating
Diagnosis of anthrax? - CORRECT ANSWER-submit blood/ tissue to diagnostic
lab
NO NECROPSY
T/f: anthrax vaccine is effective - CORRECT ANSWER-true
,How should anthrax carcasses be disposed of? - CORRECT ANSWER-burn or
bury the carcass without moving or cutting open the animal
What are the different forms of anthrax? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Cutaneous -
most common
2. GI anthrax - get from eating the meat
3. Inhalation - near 100% mortality
A worker on a beef farm helped bury some dead heifers found in the field a couple
days ago. He develops a papule on his arm that has now become ulcerated and
there is swelling around it. A couple days later a black eschar forms. What is he
being affected by? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cutaneous form of anthrax
What is the treatment for anthrax? - CORRECT ANSWER-Ciprofloxacin (or
doxy/ penicillin) - lasts 60 days
What organism causes blackleg? - CORRECT ANSWER-Clostridium chauvoei
What age of cattle are affected by blackleg? - CORRECT ANSWER-6 months -
two years old
How are cows infected with Closterium Chauvoei (blackleg)? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Endospores ingested, cross GI, into bloodstream
COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,Bacteria are activated and multiply in an anaerobic environment like bruise of
damaged muscle tissue
What predisposes cows to developing Closterium Chauvoei (blackleg)? -
CORRECT ANSWER-travelling, handling, injection, rough activities that would
bruise muscle
Clinical signs of Closterium Chauvoei (blackleg)? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Lameness/ fever/ depression
*Swelling with palpable crepitus*
animals can die without clinical signs within 12-48 hours
Diagnosis of Closterium Chauvoei (blackleg)? - CORRECT ANSWER-Gaseous
swelling
Post-mortem - black/ necrotic area that has a foul/ sweet odor like rancid butter
Treatment of Closterium Chauvoei (blackleg)? - CORRECT ANSWER-Fatal
normally unless treated early with penicillin
Most survivors have permanent deformity
, Prevention of Closterium Chauvoei (blackleg) - CORRECT ANSWER-7-way
bacterin vaccine
What bacteria causes malignant edema? - CORRECT ANSWER-Any of the
clostridia in a 7-way vaccine
Which bacteria causes bighead in sheep? - CORRECT ANSWER-C. novyi type A
How does malignant edema occur? - CORRECT ANSWER-Clostridium infects an
open wound (injury, castration, difficult parturition)
Clinical signs of malignant edema? - CORRECT ANSWER-Swelling/ edema in
the dependent portion of a wound
Depression/ anorexia/ fever
Death within 24-48 hours
Diagnosis of malignant edema? - CORRECT ANSWER-Swelling without gas
accumulation
Infected areas is darkened with foul odor
COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
