NAVLE 3 Exam Questions with
Correct Answers 100% PASS
Which test would be a best indicator of moody sweet clover toxicity in a horse? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Prothrombin time (PT).
Sweet clover can contain a number of fungi that create dicumarol, a warfarin-like
toxin. It inhibits vit K and interferes with synthesis of factors II, VII, IX, and X.
Because factor VII has a shortest half life of these factors, it will be depleted first.
Factor VII is incvolved in the extrinsic coagulation pathway and would therefore
be elevated first after ingestion of sweet clover. PT is a measure of the extrinsic
pathway (and common). PTT is a measure of intrinsic and common. TT is a
measure of the final steps of coagulation taking fibrinogen to fibrin. Cattle are
affected by moody sweet clover toxicity more frequently than horses.
You arrive to a canine breeding kennel to help them with an outbreak of diarrhea
that appears to be of the malabsorptive and maldigestive kind. You perform
several fecal smears to help find a diagnosis. On several of the smears you notice a
protozoal organism swimming around in a "falling leaf" motion when you are at
40x. These organisms also have a ventral concave disc, are pear shaped, binucleate,
,and are approximately 15 x 8 micrometers. What is the organism? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Giardia.
Young, immunodeficiency, and grouped animals tend to show signs. This question
provides a classical description of the motile trophozoite. Remember, the cyst is
the active mode, not the trophozoite.
T. Foetus has an undulating membrane which help differentiate from giardia along
with the 3-4 anterior flagella. Additionally, it isn't commonly found in dogs.
When looking for isospora, you would expect to see them on a fecal flotation in
the form of oocyte.
Cryptosporidium would be round and slightly smaller than a red blood cell. Acid-
fast of fluorescent antibody stains are performed on direct fecal smears to help
find these small organisms.
During a busy day in the summer, you have a walk-in appointment of a ferret that
has been attacked by a skunk. After taking a history, you learn from the owner that
this ferret is unvaccinated. What should you do? - CORRECT ANSWER-
COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Euthanise immedietly and submit for testing. If O declines, vaccinate immediately
and quarantine for 6 months. (Dogs/cats quarantine for 4 months)
The direct fluorescent antibody test detects viral antigens and should be tested on
two locations from the brain (brainstem and cerebellum) and is the test of choice
for rabies dx.
If ferret was current on vx, booster immediately and have the owners observe
closely for 45 days ( same as dogs and cats).
If O is able to provide proof the ferret had been previously vx but is overdue,
guidelines direct the booster immediately and keep the ferret under o observation
for 45days.
A 3 year old male Weimaraner presents to your clinic with complaints of anorexia,
weight loss, and progressive exercise intolerance and dyspnea with a dry, hacking
cough. On physical exam, he is cachectic (BCS 2/9), febrile (103.8 F, 39.9 C), and
has diffuse peripheral lymphadenopathy. Thoracic radiographs show a diffuse
nodular interstitial pattern in all lung fields. Cytology of a lymph node aspirate
shows suppurative inflammation. What is the MOST likely diagnosis to explain all
Correct Answers 100% PASS
Which test would be a best indicator of moody sweet clover toxicity in a horse? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Prothrombin time (PT).
Sweet clover can contain a number of fungi that create dicumarol, a warfarin-like
toxin. It inhibits vit K and interferes with synthesis of factors II, VII, IX, and X.
Because factor VII has a shortest half life of these factors, it will be depleted first.
Factor VII is incvolved in the extrinsic coagulation pathway and would therefore
be elevated first after ingestion of sweet clover. PT is a measure of the extrinsic
pathway (and common). PTT is a measure of intrinsic and common. TT is a
measure of the final steps of coagulation taking fibrinogen to fibrin. Cattle are
affected by moody sweet clover toxicity more frequently than horses.
You arrive to a canine breeding kennel to help them with an outbreak of diarrhea
that appears to be of the malabsorptive and maldigestive kind. You perform
several fecal smears to help find a diagnosis. On several of the smears you notice a
protozoal organism swimming around in a "falling leaf" motion when you are at
40x. These organisms also have a ventral concave disc, are pear shaped, binucleate,
,and are approximately 15 x 8 micrometers. What is the organism? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Giardia.
Young, immunodeficiency, and grouped animals tend to show signs. This question
provides a classical description of the motile trophozoite. Remember, the cyst is
the active mode, not the trophozoite.
T. Foetus has an undulating membrane which help differentiate from giardia along
with the 3-4 anterior flagella. Additionally, it isn't commonly found in dogs.
When looking for isospora, you would expect to see them on a fecal flotation in
the form of oocyte.
Cryptosporidium would be round and slightly smaller than a red blood cell. Acid-
fast of fluorescent antibody stains are performed on direct fecal smears to help
find these small organisms.
During a busy day in the summer, you have a walk-in appointment of a ferret that
has been attacked by a skunk. After taking a history, you learn from the owner that
this ferret is unvaccinated. What should you do? - CORRECT ANSWER-
COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Euthanise immedietly and submit for testing. If O declines, vaccinate immediately
and quarantine for 6 months. (Dogs/cats quarantine for 4 months)
The direct fluorescent antibody test detects viral antigens and should be tested on
two locations from the brain (brainstem and cerebellum) and is the test of choice
for rabies dx.
If ferret was current on vx, booster immediately and have the owners observe
closely for 45 days ( same as dogs and cats).
If O is able to provide proof the ferret had been previously vx but is overdue,
guidelines direct the booster immediately and keep the ferret under o observation
for 45days.
A 3 year old male Weimaraner presents to your clinic with complaints of anorexia,
weight loss, and progressive exercise intolerance and dyspnea with a dry, hacking
cough. On physical exam, he is cachectic (BCS 2/9), febrile (103.8 F, 39.9 C), and
has diffuse peripheral lymphadenopathy. Thoracic radiographs show a diffuse
nodular interstitial pattern in all lung fields. Cytology of a lymph node aspirate
shows suppurative inflammation. What is the MOST likely diagnosis to explain all
