ARDMS ADULT ECHO 2026 EXAM TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔a pt presents with a grade IV/VI systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur the most
likely pathology is - ✔✔AS
✔✔How are phased array transducer the transmitted sound beam is swept - ✔✔varying
the timing of pulses t the transducer elements
✔✔To improve the axial resolution of a transducer a manufacturer must do what to the
pulse - ✔✔shorten it
✔✔If the distance to the reflector doubles, the time between pulse transmission and
echo detection at the transducer will - ✔✔double
✔✔The right venticular systolic pressure may be predicted with ____ wave Doppler on
TR - ✔✔continous
✔✔The 2D image of a phased array echo is produced by - ✔✔sequentially activating a
series of adjacent crystals to angulate the US beam
✔✔T/F Pulmonary atresia with a VSD (pseudotruncus) is associated with an overriding
aorta - ✔✔True
✔✔T/F Pulmonary atresia with an intact VSD is associated with an overriding aorta -
✔✔False
✔✔List some conditions associated w/ an overriding aorta - ✔✔TOF, truncus arteriosus,
double outlet RV, Pulmonary atresia with VSD.
✔✔RVSP= - ✔✔PAP
✔✔What causes a pericardial knock - ✔✔classic constrictive pericarditis. Similar in
timing to a very loud S3. It's caused by an abrupt cessation of early diastolic inflow.
✔✔Thin filiform strands (fronds) that form on the edges of the valve leaflets -
✔✔Lambl's
✔✔Name two layers of the pericardium - ✔✔visceral and parietal
✔✔which pericardial layer is the serous - ✔✔visceral or epicardial
✔✔What is a common finding in coarctation - ✔✔Bi cuspid valves ( 50%)
,✔✔When is a mitral pressure half time NOT accurate - ✔✔post valvuloplasty
✔✔Which embryonic aortic arch (1-6) develops into the transverse arch - ✔✔Fourth
✔✔In pts with A-Fib which heart sound would be missing - ✔✔The fourth( occurs duing
atrial contraction)
✔✔Type of transposition of the great vessels where aorta is conneted to RV and body
receives deoxy blood. - ✔✔D-TGA Cyanosis, D=Die
✔✔Vegitations of the MV and/or TV are seen on the __________ side of the valves -
✔✔atrial
✔✔Vegs typically cause______ not______ - ✔✔regurg, not stenosis
✔✔formula most often used to obtain mitral valve area - ✔✔P1/2t. Planimetry most
accurate but sonographer limitations and technical areas make P1/2t more common.
✔✔Time it takes the for the pressure gradient to drop to half of its orginal valve -
✔✔P1/2t
✔✔The most common secondary cause of dilated cadiomyopathy - ✔✔alcohol
✔✔The most common type of infiltrative restrictive cardiomyopathy - ✔✔amyloidosis
✔✔What is a classic finding of pts with a restrictive cardiomyopathy - ✔✔biatrial
enlargement. caused by restricted diagnosic filling and leading to atrial overload.
✔✔Significant MS often leads to PHTN, why? - ✔✔pressure builds upin the LA and
continues to back up into the pulmonary system and into the right heart
✔✔Complete endocardial cushion defects consist of what - ✔✔an ostium primum ASD,
an inlet VSD, and a common atrioventricular valve.
✔✔T/F downs syndrom is associated with endocardial cushion defect - ✔✔true
✔✔What is the classic M-mode finding of PHTN - ✔✔an absent "a" wave with a flying
"W". M mode of Pul. Valve can aid in the dx of PHTN
✔✔_____ valves are more durable - ✔✔mechanical. Tissue valves have a higher failure
rate.
, ✔✔A dissection of the ascending and descending aorta would be labeld as type_____
DeBakey - ✔✔Type 1
✔✔A dissection of the ascending Ao only woiuld be type _____ DeBakey - ✔✔Type 11
✔✔A dissection of the descending only would be type __________ - ✔✔Type 111
✔✔A PV peak pressure gradient of 50 mmHg would be - ✔✔monderate, >64 would be
severe
✔✔The Ross procedure can be an interventon for congenital ______ __________ -
✔✔AS, AoV removed and replaced with the PV
✔✔most common place for an ASD - ✔✔are of the foramen ovale also known as the
septum secundum
✔✔what maneuvers can cause a decrease in LV volume and provoke MVP -
✔✔Valsalva, administration of amyl nitrite
✔✔Type of murmur associated with AI - ✔✔Austin Flint. AI is back flow into LVOT/LV.
Blood mingles with normal MV flow
✔✔A delayed form of pericarditis - ✔✔Dressler's syndrome. Occurs after 1-12 weeks
after an MI
✔✔Endocardial cushion defects also known as atrioventricular septal defects occur in
______% of down sydnrome patients - ✔✔40
✔✔The most common echo finding in pts with AIDS is - ✔✔pericardial effusion,
cardiomyopathy is also common
✔✔_____ to _______% of pts with coarctation of aorta also have bicuspid valve - ✔✔50
to 80
✔✔The steeper the slope of an AI p1/2t jet the more____the AI - ✔✔severe~~~~~ This
means the LOWER the number the more severe the AI
✔✔An AI p1/2 of <_____ is severe AI - ✔✔<200 ( >500, mild)
✔✔most common conduction abnormalities with DCM - ✔✔LBBB
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔a pt presents with a grade IV/VI systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur the most
likely pathology is - ✔✔AS
✔✔How are phased array transducer the transmitted sound beam is swept - ✔✔varying
the timing of pulses t the transducer elements
✔✔To improve the axial resolution of a transducer a manufacturer must do what to the
pulse - ✔✔shorten it
✔✔If the distance to the reflector doubles, the time between pulse transmission and
echo detection at the transducer will - ✔✔double
✔✔The right venticular systolic pressure may be predicted with ____ wave Doppler on
TR - ✔✔continous
✔✔The 2D image of a phased array echo is produced by - ✔✔sequentially activating a
series of adjacent crystals to angulate the US beam
✔✔T/F Pulmonary atresia with a VSD (pseudotruncus) is associated with an overriding
aorta - ✔✔True
✔✔T/F Pulmonary atresia with an intact VSD is associated with an overriding aorta -
✔✔False
✔✔List some conditions associated w/ an overriding aorta - ✔✔TOF, truncus arteriosus,
double outlet RV, Pulmonary atresia with VSD.
✔✔RVSP= - ✔✔PAP
✔✔What causes a pericardial knock - ✔✔classic constrictive pericarditis. Similar in
timing to a very loud S3. It's caused by an abrupt cessation of early diastolic inflow.
✔✔Thin filiform strands (fronds) that form on the edges of the valve leaflets -
✔✔Lambl's
✔✔Name two layers of the pericardium - ✔✔visceral and parietal
✔✔which pericardial layer is the serous - ✔✔visceral or epicardial
✔✔What is a common finding in coarctation - ✔✔Bi cuspid valves ( 50%)
,✔✔When is a mitral pressure half time NOT accurate - ✔✔post valvuloplasty
✔✔Which embryonic aortic arch (1-6) develops into the transverse arch - ✔✔Fourth
✔✔In pts with A-Fib which heart sound would be missing - ✔✔The fourth( occurs duing
atrial contraction)
✔✔Type of transposition of the great vessels where aorta is conneted to RV and body
receives deoxy blood. - ✔✔D-TGA Cyanosis, D=Die
✔✔Vegitations of the MV and/or TV are seen on the __________ side of the valves -
✔✔atrial
✔✔Vegs typically cause______ not______ - ✔✔regurg, not stenosis
✔✔formula most often used to obtain mitral valve area - ✔✔P1/2t. Planimetry most
accurate but sonographer limitations and technical areas make P1/2t more common.
✔✔Time it takes the for the pressure gradient to drop to half of its orginal valve -
✔✔P1/2t
✔✔The most common secondary cause of dilated cadiomyopathy - ✔✔alcohol
✔✔The most common type of infiltrative restrictive cardiomyopathy - ✔✔amyloidosis
✔✔What is a classic finding of pts with a restrictive cardiomyopathy - ✔✔biatrial
enlargement. caused by restricted diagnosic filling and leading to atrial overload.
✔✔Significant MS often leads to PHTN, why? - ✔✔pressure builds upin the LA and
continues to back up into the pulmonary system and into the right heart
✔✔Complete endocardial cushion defects consist of what - ✔✔an ostium primum ASD,
an inlet VSD, and a common atrioventricular valve.
✔✔T/F downs syndrom is associated with endocardial cushion defect - ✔✔true
✔✔What is the classic M-mode finding of PHTN - ✔✔an absent "a" wave with a flying
"W". M mode of Pul. Valve can aid in the dx of PHTN
✔✔_____ valves are more durable - ✔✔mechanical. Tissue valves have a higher failure
rate.
, ✔✔A dissection of the ascending and descending aorta would be labeld as type_____
DeBakey - ✔✔Type 1
✔✔A dissection of the ascending Ao only woiuld be type _____ DeBakey - ✔✔Type 11
✔✔A dissection of the descending only would be type __________ - ✔✔Type 111
✔✔A PV peak pressure gradient of 50 mmHg would be - ✔✔monderate, >64 would be
severe
✔✔The Ross procedure can be an interventon for congenital ______ __________ -
✔✔AS, AoV removed and replaced with the PV
✔✔most common place for an ASD - ✔✔are of the foramen ovale also known as the
septum secundum
✔✔what maneuvers can cause a decrease in LV volume and provoke MVP -
✔✔Valsalva, administration of amyl nitrite
✔✔Type of murmur associated with AI - ✔✔Austin Flint. AI is back flow into LVOT/LV.
Blood mingles with normal MV flow
✔✔A delayed form of pericarditis - ✔✔Dressler's syndrome. Occurs after 1-12 weeks
after an MI
✔✔Endocardial cushion defects also known as atrioventricular septal defects occur in
______% of down sydnrome patients - ✔✔40
✔✔The most common echo finding in pts with AIDS is - ✔✔pericardial effusion,
cardiomyopathy is also common
✔✔_____ to _______% of pts with coarctation of aorta also have bicuspid valve - ✔✔50
to 80
✔✔The steeper the slope of an AI p1/2t jet the more____the AI - ✔✔severe~~~~~ This
means the LOWER the number the more severe the AI
✔✔An AI p1/2 of <_____ is severe AI - ✔✔<200 ( >500, mild)
✔✔most common conduction abnormalities with DCM - ✔✔LBBB
