PNR 308 CARDIAC ALTERATIONS EXAM
2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% PASS.
What are the differences between the cardiovascular system of a newborn and that of an adult?
- ANS The newborn's cardiovascular system has different structures and functions, including
the presence of shunts that close after birth.
What are some common cardiac defects in infants? - ANS Common defects include
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), Atrial Septal Defect (ASD), Coarctation of the Aorta, and
Tetralogy of Fallot.
What are general signs and symptoms of congenital heart disease in infants? - ANS Signs
include failure to thrive, cyanosis, tachypnea, irregular pulse, and fatigue during feeding.
How should digoxin be safely administered to children? - ANS Count the apical pulse for one
full minute; hold if less than 100 beats/min for infants or 70 beats/min for older children.
What are the symptoms of acute rheumatic fever? - ANS Symptoms include fever, carditis,
polyarthritis, erythema marginatum, chorea, and abdominal pain.
What is Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)? - ANS ITP is a condition characterized by low
platelet counts leading to bruising, petechiae, and possible bleeding.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% PASS.
What are the differences between the cardiovascular system of a newborn and that of an adult?
- ANS The newborn's cardiovascular system has different structures and functions, including
the presence of shunts that close after birth.
What are some common cardiac defects in infants? - ANS Common defects include
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), Atrial Septal Defect (ASD), Coarctation of the Aorta, and
Tetralogy of Fallot.
What are general signs and symptoms of congenital heart disease in infants? - ANS Signs
include failure to thrive, cyanosis, tachypnea, irregular pulse, and fatigue during feeding.
How should digoxin be safely administered to children? - ANS Count the apical pulse for one
full minute; hold if less than 100 beats/min for infants or 70 beats/min for older children.
What are the symptoms of acute rheumatic fever? - ANS Symptoms include fever, carditis,
polyarthritis, erythema marginatum, chorea, and abdominal pain.
What is Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)? - ANS ITP is a condition characterized by low
platelet counts leading to bruising, petechiae, and possible bleeding.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
