ELSEVIER ADAPTIVE 2026 CORE EXAMS TEST QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Which statement is true regarding leadership?
a. Having the title of chief executive officer indicates a good leader.
b. Leadership is an earned honor and an action-oriented responsibility.
c. Playing an administrative role can automatically place the title of leader on an
individual.
d. Strengthening the mission of an organization purely depends on the leader himself or
herself. - ✔✔b. Leadership is an earned honor and an action-oriented responsibility.
*Leadership is an earned honor, right, and privilege and an action-oriented responsibility
that requires a time commitment.* Having a title such as chief executive officer or chief
nursing officer does not guarantee that a person will be a good leader. Administrative or
management roles do not automatically confer the title of leader on an individual.
Strengthening the mission of organization depends on both a good leader and follower.
✔✔Which actions can an effective mentor expect from an aspiring leader? Select all
that apply.
a. Being loyal
b. Assisting with projects
c. Sharing personal problems
d. Maintaining confidentiality
e. Giving a fee in terms of rewards - ✔✔a. Being loyal
b. Assisting with projects
d. Maintaining confidentiality
*The mentor has a right to expect loyalty, respect, assistance with projects, and
confidentiality from the aspiring leader. An effective mentor does not expect a fee or
rewards and gives guidance to balance the professional and personal work of an
aspiring leader.*
✔✔What are the qualities of an effective leader? Select all that apply.
a. Born with the right stuff
b. Elicit a vision from people
c. Bring out the best in people
d. Engender discipline and obedience
e. Inspire people to bring the vision into reality - ✔✔b. Elicit a vision from people
c. Bring out the best in people
e. Inspire people to bring the vision into
*Leadership is the ability to elicit a vision from people and to inspire and empower those
people to do what it takes to bring the vision into reality. A leadership quality is to bring
out the best in people.* Leaders are not born with the right stuff; rather they develop
these qualities gradually over time when they perform with the right kind of attitude and
,determination. Leaders must possess the ability to inspire the commitment of followers
and allow them to achieve goals autonomously rather than simply engendering
discipline and obedience.
✔✔A nurse leader has prepared an objective for strategic planning. Which point
indicates that the nurse possesses the ability to write objectives clearly and concisely?
a. Inclusion of the timeline and deadline
b. Leaving expectations open to interpretation
c. Starting with an article followed by a noun
d. Specifying multiple dates for the attainment of a goal - ✔✔a. Inclusion of the timeline
and deadline
*In order for objectives to be clear and concise, they should have a timeframe within
which the activity or improvement must be achieved. The timeline and deadlines should
be included in the written objective. * A clear and concise objective should leave no
question about the expectations; it should not be open to interpretation. An objective
should always start with "to" followed by an action verb. A single date for attaining the
goal is the indication of a clear and concise objective
✔✔Which theory related to leadership is a nontraditional theory that has emerged from
the physical and social sciences?
a. Expectancy theory
b. Complexity theory
c. Motivational theory
d. Management theory - ✔✔b. Complexity theory
*Complexity theory is a nontraditional theory emerging from the work of the physical
sciences and, more recently, social sciences.* Expectancy theory posits that
motivational behavior is increased by rewarding good and innovative performance; it is
not rooted in the physical sciences. Motivational and management theories are
traditional theories of leadership.
✔✔The nurse is an active participant on human resource committees. What does this
indicate?
a. The nurse is engaging in malpractice.
b. The nurse is pursuing higher education.
c. The nurse is staying clear on group outcomes.
d. The nurse is thinking only about personal needs. - ✔✔c. The nurse is staying clear on
group outcomes.
*When a nurse participates as a leader in any leadership opportunities such as on
human resource committees, it indicates that he or she is staying clear on group
outcomes.* Participating on human resource committees does not indicate any
involvement in malpractice. Active participation on human resource committees does
not indicate pursuing a higher degree. Participating on human resource committees
indicates that the nurse is thinking beyond his or her personal needs
,✔✔The nurse leader noticed that the staff nurse recently promoted to the surgical unit is
lacking confidence at work and is worried about a pending review by the nursing
director. Which source of power is applicable in this situation?
a. Reward power
b. Coercive power
c. Referent power
d. Connection power - ✔✔b. Coercive power
*Coercive power stems from a real or perceived fear of another person.* Reward power
is perceived as being able to provide rewards or favors. Association with a powerful
person grants referent power. Association with people who are powerful or who have
links to powerful people gains connection power.
✔✔A nurse educates a mother about the proper administration of oral medication to her
4-year-old child. What statement made by the mother indicates effective learning?
a. "I should administer the medication with a cup or spoon."
b. "I should mix the medicine in a large amount of food."
c. "I should avoid giving a straw to my child to take pills."
d. "I should use a disposable oral syringe to prepare liquid doses." - ✔✔d. "I should use
a disposable oral syringe to prepare liquid doses."
The mother should use a plastic, disposable oral syringe to prepare accurate liquid
doses, especially those less than 10 mL. The mother should not give medicine through
a cup, spoon, or dropper because of the risk of inaccurate measurements. The mother
should refrain from mixing the medicine in a large amount of the child's food because
the child may refuse to eat such a large quantity. The mother can use straws for her
child to swallow pills.
✔✔A client with a partial occlusion of the left common carotid artery is to be discharged
while still receiving warfarin. Which clinical adverse effect should the nurse identify as a
reason for the client to seek medical consultation? Select all that apply.
a. Presence of blood in urine (hematuria).
b. Bruising noted at various stages of healing.
c. Delayed clotting from minor cuts and scrapes.
d. Bleeding from gums when brushing teeth.
e. Vomiting coffee-ground emesis. - ✔✔a. Presence of blood in urine (hematuria).
e. Vomiting coffee-ground emesis.
Warfarin causes an increase in the prothrombin time and international normalized ratio
(INR) level, leading to an increased risk for bleeding. Any abnormal or prolonged
bleeding must be reported, because it may indicate an excessive level of the drug.
Common side effects including bruising, delayed clotting and bleeding gums do not
require immediate intervention. However, hematuria and hemoptysis are evidence of
more serious bleeding and require immediate attention. Coffee-ground emesis is a sign
, of gastric bleeding. Even though the emesis is not bright red, it still requires immediate
attention by a healthcare provider.
✔✔Which belief of a nurse may have a negative effect on health services for minority
clients?
a. The mind, body, and spirit are distinct entities.
b. The focus of an assessment should be on culture rather than race for children of
multiracial, multicultural, and multiheritage marriages.
c. Chinese clients may believe that disease is caused by fluctuations in opposing forces,
the yin-yang energies.
d. When taking a client history, the nurse should record the client's race according to
how he or she self identifies. - ✔✔a. The mind, body, and spirit are distinct entities.
Eastern tradition considers body-mind-spirit as a single entity; if the nurse refuses to
accept and respect that a client of a different culture may believe this, then the quality of
care can be affected. Children of multiracial, multicultural, and multiheritage marriages
fall into more than one category, so the nurse should focus on culture rather than race.
For the Chinese, disease is caused by fluctuations in opposing forces—the yin-yang
energies. The nurse should not make assumptions about a client's race based on his or
her appearance; the nurse should record the client's race as he or she self-identifies.
✔✔What are the clinical manifestations of myocardial infarction in women? Select all
that apply.
a. Anoxia
b. Indigestion
c. Unusual fatigue
d. Sleep disturbances
e. Tightness of the chest - ✔✔b. Indigestion
c. Unusual fatigue
d. Sleep disturbances
Indigestion, unusual fatigue, and sleep disturbances are clinical manifestations of
myocardial infarction in women. Anoxia and tightness of the chest are clinical
manifestations of angina pectoris, not myocardial infarction
✔✔What are the characteristics of an adverse hospital event? Select all that apply.
a. It may also result in death at times.
b. It may cause minimal harm to the patient.
c. It is caused by human or hospital system error.
d. It is caused by severe variation in the standard of care.
e. Its cause can be analyzed using the root cause analysis tool. - ✔✔b. It may cause
minimal harm to the patient.
c. It is caused by human or hospital system error.
An adverse hospital event is a medical error that may result in causing harm to the
patient. However, the harm is not too severe or life-threatening to the patient. Adverse
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Which statement is true regarding leadership?
a. Having the title of chief executive officer indicates a good leader.
b. Leadership is an earned honor and an action-oriented responsibility.
c. Playing an administrative role can automatically place the title of leader on an
individual.
d. Strengthening the mission of an organization purely depends on the leader himself or
herself. - ✔✔b. Leadership is an earned honor and an action-oriented responsibility.
*Leadership is an earned honor, right, and privilege and an action-oriented responsibility
that requires a time commitment.* Having a title such as chief executive officer or chief
nursing officer does not guarantee that a person will be a good leader. Administrative or
management roles do not automatically confer the title of leader on an individual.
Strengthening the mission of organization depends on both a good leader and follower.
✔✔Which actions can an effective mentor expect from an aspiring leader? Select all
that apply.
a. Being loyal
b. Assisting with projects
c. Sharing personal problems
d. Maintaining confidentiality
e. Giving a fee in terms of rewards - ✔✔a. Being loyal
b. Assisting with projects
d. Maintaining confidentiality
*The mentor has a right to expect loyalty, respect, assistance with projects, and
confidentiality from the aspiring leader. An effective mentor does not expect a fee or
rewards and gives guidance to balance the professional and personal work of an
aspiring leader.*
✔✔What are the qualities of an effective leader? Select all that apply.
a. Born with the right stuff
b. Elicit a vision from people
c. Bring out the best in people
d. Engender discipline and obedience
e. Inspire people to bring the vision into reality - ✔✔b. Elicit a vision from people
c. Bring out the best in people
e. Inspire people to bring the vision into
*Leadership is the ability to elicit a vision from people and to inspire and empower those
people to do what it takes to bring the vision into reality. A leadership quality is to bring
out the best in people.* Leaders are not born with the right stuff; rather they develop
these qualities gradually over time when they perform with the right kind of attitude and
,determination. Leaders must possess the ability to inspire the commitment of followers
and allow them to achieve goals autonomously rather than simply engendering
discipline and obedience.
✔✔A nurse leader has prepared an objective for strategic planning. Which point
indicates that the nurse possesses the ability to write objectives clearly and concisely?
a. Inclusion of the timeline and deadline
b. Leaving expectations open to interpretation
c. Starting with an article followed by a noun
d. Specifying multiple dates for the attainment of a goal - ✔✔a. Inclusion of the timeline
and deadline
*In order for objectives to be clear and concise, they should have a timeframe within
which the activity or improvement must be achieved. The timeline and deadlines should
be included in the written objective. * A clear and concise objective should leave no
question about the expectations; it should not be open to interpretation. An objective
should always start with "to" followed by an action verb. A single date for attaining the
goal is the indication of a clear and concise objective
✔✔Which theory related to leadership is a nontraditional theory that has emerged from
the physical and social sciences?
a. Expectancy theory
b. Complexity theory
c. Motivational theory
d. Management theory - ✔✔b. Complexity theory
*Complexity theory is a nontraditional theory emerging from the work of the physical
sciences and, more recently, social sciences.* Expectancy theory posits that
motivational behavior is increased by rewarding good and innovative performance; it is
not rooted in the physical sciences. Motivational and management theories are
traditional theories of leadership.
✔✔The nurse is an active participant on human resource committees. What does this
indicate?
a. The nurse is engaging in malpractice.
b. The nurse is pursuing higher education.
c. The nurse is staying clear on group outcomes.
d. The nurse is thinking only about personal needs. - ✔✔c. The nurse is staying clear on
group outcomes.
*When a nurse participates as a leader in any leadership opportunities such as on
human resource committees, it indicates that he or she is staying clear on group
outcomes.* Participating on human resource committees does not indicate any
involvement in malpractice. Active participation on human resource committees does
not indicate pursuing a higher degree. Participating on human resource committees
indicates that the nurse is thinking beyond his or her personal needs
,✔✔The nurse leader noticed that the staff nurse recently promoted to the surgical unit is
lacking confidence at work and is worried about a pending review by the nursing
director. Which source of power is applicable in this situation?
a. Reward power
b. Coercive power
c. Referent power
d. Connection power - ✔✔b. Coercive power
*Coercive power stems from a real or perceived fear of another person.* Reward power
is perceived as being able to provide rewards or favors. Association with a powerful
person grants referent power. Association with people who are powerful or who have
links to powerful people gains connection power.
✔✔A nurse educates a mother about the proper administration of oral medication to her
4-year-old child. What statement made by the mother indicates effective learning?
a. "I should administer the medication with a cup or spoon."
b. "I should mix the medicine in a large amount of food."
c. "I should avoid giving a straw to my child to take pills."
d. "I should use a disposable oral syringe to prepare liquid doses." - ✔✔d. "I should use
a disposable oral syringe to prepare liquid doses."
The mother should use a plastic, disposable oral syringe to prepare accurate liquid
doses, especially those less than 10 mL. The mother should not give medicine through
a cup, spoon, or dropper because of the risk of inaccurate measurements. The mother
should refrain from mixing the medicine in a large amount of the child's food because
the child may refuse to eat such a large quantity. The mother can use straws for her
child to swallow pills.
✔✔A client with a partial occlusion of the left common carotid artery is to be discharged
while still receiving warfarin. Which clinical adverse effect should the nurse identify as a
reason for the client to seek medical consultation? Select all that apply.
a. Presence of blood in urine (hematuria).
b. Bruising noted at various stages of healing.
c. Delayed clotting from minor cuts and scrapes.
d. Bleeding from gums when brushing teeth.
e. Vomiting coffee-ground emesis. - ✔✔a. Presence of blood in urine (hematuria).
e. Vomiting coffee-ground emesis.
Warfarin causes an increase in the prothrombin time and international normalized ratio
(INR) level, leading to an increased risk for bleeding. Any abnormal or prolonged
bleeding must be reported, because it may indicate an excessive level of the drug.
Common side effects including bruising, delayed clotting and bleeding gums do not
require immediate intervention. However, hematuria and hemoptysis are evidence of
more serious bleeding and require immediate attention. Coffee-ground emesis is a sign
, of gastric bleeding. Even though the emesis is not bright red, it still requires immediate
attention by a healthcare provider.
✔✔Which belief of a nurse may have a negative effect on health services for minority
clients?
a. The mind, body, and spirit are distinct entities.
b. The focus of an assessment should be on culture rather than race for children of
multiracial, multicultural, and multiheritage marriages.
c. Chinese clients may believe that disease is caused by fluctuations in opposing forces,
the yin-yang energies.
d. When taking a client history, the nurse should record the client's race according to
how he or she self identifies. - ✔✔a. The mind, body, and spirit are distinct entities.
Eastern tradition considers body-mind-spirit as a single entity; if the nurse refuses to
accept and respect that a client of a different culture may believe this, then the quality of
care can be affected. Children of multiracial, multicultural, and multiheritage marriages
fall into more than one category, so the nurse should focus on culture rather than race.
For the Chinese, disease is caused by fluctuations in opposing forces—the yin-yang
energies. The nurse should not make assumptions about a client's race based on his or
her appearance; the nurse should record the client's race as he or she self-identifies.
✔✔What are the clinical manifestations of myocardial infarction in women? Select all
that apply.
a. Anoxia
b. Indigestion
c. Unusual fatigue
d. Sleep disturbances
e. Tightness of the chest - ✔✔b. Indigestion
c. Unusual fatigue
d. Sleep disturbances
Indigestion, unusual fatigue, and sleep disturbances are clinical manifestations of
myocardial infarction in women. Anoxia and tightness of the chest are clinical
manifestations of angina pectoris, not myocardial infarction
✔✔What are the characteristics of an adverse hospital event? Select all that apply.
a. It may also result in death at times.
b. It may cause minimal harm to the patient.
c. It is caused by human or hospital system error.
d. It is caused by severe variation in the standard of care.
e. Its cause can be analyzed using the root cause analysis tool. - ✔✔b. It may cause
minimal harm to the patient.
c. It is caused by human or hospital system error.
An adverse hospital event is a medical error that may result in causing harm to the
patient. However, the harm is not too severe or life-threatening to the patient. Adverse
