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HPEX 310 Exam 3 VCU Questions and
Answers Latest 2026
any disease that affects the heart or blood vessels Ans:
cardiovascular disease
arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, heart failure, HTN,
dyslipidemia, stroke Ans: cardiovascular disease
umbrella terms
leading cause of death (and in the US) Ans:
cardiovascular disease
17+ million deaths per year due to __________ (expected
to rise to 23+million by 2030) Ans: cardiovascular
disease
cardiovascular disease accounts for nearly __________ out
of every 3 deaths in the USA Ans: 1
__________ Americans have some form of cardiovascular
disease Ans: ~86 million
approximately __________ people die annually from
cardiovascular disorders Ans: 787,000
estimates of lost wages, medical expenses, and other
related costs exceeded _________ in 2015 due to
cardiovascular disease Ans: $480 billion
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often associated with heart attacks Ans: coronary heart
(artery) disease
group of diseases characterized by a narrowing and/or
hardening of arteries Ans: arteriosclerosis
special type of arteriosclerosis that results in an arterial
blockage from a build up of fatty deposits (plaque) Ans:
atherosclerosis
rupture or progression of __________ (plaque) decreases
blood flow and results in tissue death Ans:
atherosclerosis
rupture or progression of atherosclerosis (plaque)
decreases __________ and results in tissue death Ans:
blood flow
rupture or progression of atherosclerosis (plaque)
decreases blood flow and results in tissue death! it can
also lead to a heart attack, __________, or pulmonary
embolism Ans: stroke
rupture or progression of atherosclerosis (plaque)
decreases blood flow and results in tissue death! it can
also lead to a __________, stroke, or pulmonary embolism
Ans: heart attack
rupture or progression of atherosclerosis (plaque)
decreases blood flow and results in tissue death! it can
also lead to a heart attack, stroke, or __________ Ans:
pulmonary embolism
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 3 | Page
shortness of breath Ans: orthopnea
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea Ans: sudden awakening
from sleeping with shortness of breath
recognizing a heart attack: pain discomfort (or other
anginal equivalent) in the chest, neck, jaw, arms, or other
areas that may result for __________ Ans: ischemia
(reduced blood flow)
recognizing a heart attack: __________ (or other anginal
equivalent) in the chest, neck, jaw, arms, or other areas
that may result for ischemia (reduced blood flow) Ans:
pain discomfort
recognizing a heart attack: __________ at rest or with mild
exertion Ans: shortness of breath
recognizing a heart attack: dizziness or __________
(temporary loss of consciousness) Ans: syncope
recognizing a heart attack: __________ or syncope
(temporary loss of consciousness) Ans: dizziness
recognizing a heart attack: __________ or paroxysmal
nocturnal dyspnea (shortness of breath, ability not to
inhale or exhale) Ans: orthopnea
recognizing a heart attack: orthopnea or ___________
(shortness of breath, ability not to inhale or exhale) Ans:
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 4 | Page
recognizing a heart attack: ankle __________ (swelling)
Ans: edema
recognizing a heart attack: __________ (feel heart beating)
or tachycardia (above 100 HR) Ans: palpitations
recognizing a heart attack: palpitations (feel heart
beating) or __________ (above 100 HR) Ans: tachycardia
recognizing a heart attack: __________ (not enough blood
is going to the muscle group) Ans: intermittent
claudication
recognizing a heart attack: known heart ___________ (not
a normal heart beat) (arrhythmia) Ans: murmur
recognizing a heart attack: unusual ___________ or
shortness of breath with usual activities (dyspnea) Ans:
fatigue
modifiable atherosclerosis cardiovascular risk factors
Ans: cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, obesity,
hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes
non-modifiable atherosclerosis cardiovascular risk
factors Ans: age, family
high blood pressure Ans: hypertension
hypertension causes stress on our... Ans: arteries, heart
46% of US Adults have __________ Ans: hypertension
© 2025 All rights reserved
HPEX 310 Exam 3 VCU Questions and
Answers Latest 2026
any disease that affects the heart or blood vessels Ans:
cardiovascular disease
arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, heart failure, HTN,
dyslipidemia, stroke Ans: cardiovascular disease
umbrella terms
leading cause of death (and in the US) Ans:
cardiovascular disease
17+ million deaths per year due to __________ (expected
to rise to 23+million by 2030) Ans: cardiovascular
disease
cardiovascular disease accounts for nearly __________ out
of every 3 deaths in the USA Ans: 1
__________ Americans have some form of cardiovascular
disease Ans: ~86 million
approximately __________ people die annually from
cardiovascular disorders Ans: 787,000
estimates of lost wages, medical expenses, and other
related costs exceeded _________ in 2015 due to
cardiovascular disease Ans: $480 billion
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
often associated with heart attacks Ans: coronary heart
(artery) disease
group of diseases characterized by a narrowing and/or
hardening of arteries Ans: arteriosclerosis
special type of arteriosclerosis that results in an arterial
blockage from a build up of fatty deposits (plaque) Ans:
atherosclerosis
rupture or progression of __________ (plaque) decreases
blood flow and results in tissue death Ans:
atherosclerosis
rupture or progression of atherosclerosis (plaque)
decreases __________ and results in tissue death Ans:
blood flow
rupture or progression of atherosclerosis (plaque)
decreases blood flow and results in tissue death! it can
also lead to a heart attack, __________, or pulmonary
embolism Ans: stroke
rupture or progression of atherosclerosis (plaque)
decreases blood flow and results in tissue death! it can
also lead to a __________, stroke, or pulmonary embolism
Ans: heart attack
rupture or progression of atherosclerosis (plaque)
decreases blood flow and results in tissue death! it can
also lead to a heart attack, stroke, or __________ Ans:
pulmonary embolism
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 3 | Page
shortness of breath Ans: orthopnea
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea Ans: sudden awakening
from sleeping with shortness of breath
recognizing a heart attack: pain discomfort (or other
anginal equivalent) in the chest, neck, jaw, arms, or other
areas that may result for __________ Ans: ischemia
(reduced blood flow)
recognizing a heart attack: __________ (or other anginal
equivalent) in the chest, neck, jaw, arms, or other areas
that may result for ischemia (reduced blood flow) Ans:
pain discomfort
recognizing a heart attack: __________ at rest or with mild
exertion Ans: shortness of breath
recognizing a heart attack: dizziness or __________
(temporary loss of consciousness) Ans: syncope
recognizing a heart attack: __________ or syncope
(temporary loss of consciousness) Ans: dizziness
recognizing a heart attack: __________ or paroxysmal
nocturnal dyspnea (shortness of breath, ability not to
inhale or exhale) Ans: orthopnea
recognizing a heart attack: orthopnea or ___________
(shortness of breath, ability not to inhale or exhale) Ans:
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 4 | Page
recognizing a heart attack: ankle __________ (swelling)
Ans: edema
recognizing a heart attack: __________ (feel heart beating)
or tachycardia (above 100 HR) Ans: palpitations
recognizing a heart attack: palpitations (feel heart
beating) or __________ (above 100 HR) Ans: tachycardia
recognizing a heart attack: __________ (not enough blood
is going to the muscle group) Ans: intermittent
claudication
recognizing a heart attack: known heart ___________ (not
a normal heart beat) (arrhythmia) Ans: murmur
recognizing a heart attack: unusual ___________ or
shortness of breath with usual activities (dyspnea) Ans:
fatigue
modifiable atherosclerosis cardiovascular risk factors
Ans: cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, obesity,
hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes
non-modifiable atherosclerosis cardiovascular risk
factors Ans: age, family
high blood pressure Ans: hypertension
hypertension causes stress on our... Ans: arteries, heart
46% of US Adults have __________ Ans: hypertension
© 2025 All rights reserved
