PSY 120 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Self-Serving Bias - ✔✔when it comes to making attributions about ourselves, we are
more likely to act in this way
we like to flatter ourselves, if we cut someone off, we say, "I have a reason to cut this
person off"
✔✔Projective Tests - ✔✔based on the assumption that the test taker will project
unconscious conflicts and motives onto an ambiguous stimulus
✔✔Personality Inventories - ✔✔answering a series of questions about self, there are no
right or wrong answers, and from the responses, a personality profile is developed
✔✔Thematic Apperception Test - ✔✔A person is asked to tell a story about the "hero" in
the picture
✔✔Rorschach Inkblot Test - ✔✔Showing the person an ambiguous stimulus, ask them
to explain what they see
Used more as an activity to break the ice
✔✔Myers-Briggs Type Indicator - ✔✔Measures personality across several personality
"types" identified by Carl Jung
Often used for employment/personal management settings
Not well supported by research
✔✔What are the Myers-Briggs personality traits? - ✔✔Extroversion (E) or Introversion
(I)
Sensing (S) or Intuition (N)
Thinking (T) or Feeling (F)
Judging (J) or Perceiving (P)
✔✔Factor Analysis - ✔✔used to identify how traits cluster together across the
population
✔✔Five Factor Model - ✔✔Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
, ✔✔neuroticism - ✔✔anxiety, insecurity, emotional instability
✔✔conscientiousness - ✔✔how dependable, responsible, achievement-oriented, and
persistent one is
✔✔Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory - ✔✔Looks at how children may learn
personality through imitation and cognitive processes
✔✔Reciprocal Determinism - ✔✔Addresses how cognitive processes, behaviors and
situational factors all interact to reinforce or punish personality traits
✔✔Freud's Psychodynamic Theory - ✔✔Emphasizes interactions between different
components of personality
✔✔Id - ✔✔contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud,
strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure
principle, demanding immediate gratification
✔✔Ego - ✔✔the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to
Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates
on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring
pleasure rather than pain.
✔✔Superego - ✔✔the part of personality that, according to Freud, represents
internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future
aspirations
✔✔Oral - ✔✔infancy, we experience the world an examine things primarily with our
mouths
develops a sense of neuroticism and a sense of entitlement
forms a sense of trust with your mother
✔✔Anal - ✔✔18 months, toilet training period, we experience a sense of control for
when we go to the bathroom
It helps develop a personality system based on how your mother toilet trains you
Being "Anal" - someone who is orderly and precise
✔✔Phallic - ✔✔middle childhood, 5, 6, or 7 years old, boys and girls realize they have
different body parts
Girls experience "penis envy"
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Self-Serving Bias - ✔✔when it comes to making attributions about ourselves, we are
more likely to act in this way
we like to flatter ourselves, if we cut someone off, we say, "I have a reason to cut this
person off"
✔✔Projective Tests - ✔✔based on the assumption that the test taker will project
unconscious conflicts and motives onto an ambiguous stimulus
✔✔Personality Inventories - ✔✔answering a series of questions about self, there are no
right or wrong answers, and from the responses, a personality profile is developed
✔✔Thematic Apperception Test - ✔✔A person is asked to tell a story about the "hero" in
the picture
✔✔Rorschach Inkblot Test - ✔✔Showing the person an ambiguous stimulus, ask them
to explain what they see
Used more as an activity to break the ice
✔✔Myers-Briggs Type Indicator - ✔✔Measures personality across several personality
"types" identified by Carl Jung
Often used for employment/personal management settings
Not well supported by research
✔✔What are the Myers-Briggs personality traits? - ✔✔Extroversion (E) or Introversion
(I)
Sensing (S) or Intuition (N)
Thinking (T) or Feeling (F)
Judging (J) or Perceiving (P)
✔✔Factor Analysis - ✔✔used to identify how traits cluster together across the
population
✔✔Five Factor Model - ✔✔Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
, ✔✔neuroticism - ✔✔anxiety, insecurity, emotional instability
✔✔conscientiousness - ✔✔how dependable, responsible, achievement-oriented, and
persistent one is
✔✔Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory - ✔✔Looks at how children may learn
personality through imitation and cognitive processes
✔✔Reciprocal Determinism - ✔✔Addresses how cognitive processes, behaviors and
situational factors all interact to reinforce or punish personality traits
✔✔Freud's Psychodynamic Theory - ✔✔Emphasizes interactions between different
components of personality
✔✔Id - ✔✔contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud,
strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure
principle, demanding immediate gratification
✔✔Ego - ✔✔the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to
Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates
on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring
pleasure rather than pain.
✔✔Superego - ✔✔the part of personality that, according to Freud, represents
internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future
aspirations
✔✔Oral - ✔✔infancy, we experience the world an examine things primarily with our
mouths
develops a sense of neuroticism and a sense of entitlement
forms a sense of trust with your mother
✔✔Anal - ✔✔18 months, toilet training period, we experience a sense of control for
when we go to the bathroom
It helps develop a personality system based on how your mother toilet trains you
Being "Anal" - someone who is orderly and precise
✔✔Phallic - ✔✔middle childhood, 5, 6, or 7 years old, boys and girls realize they have
different body parts
Girls experience "penis envy"
