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B-B2GEBI05 Gedragsbiologie Samenvatting

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Dé samenvatting van alle hoorcolleges van het tentamen van het vak Gedragsbiologie aan de Universiteit Utrecht. B-B2GEBI05.

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Gedragsbiologie
PERIODE 2
MAURITS VAN DEN BRINK

,Inhoudsopgave
HC1 Introductie.............................................................................................. 4

Wat is gedrag?..............................................................................4
De 4 waarom vragen van gedrag....................................................4

HC2a Leren....................................................................................................5

Habituatie....................................................................................5
Sensitisatie...................................................................................5
Klassiek conditioneren..................................................................5
Smaak aversie..............................................................................6
Operant leren...............................................................................6
Imprinting....................................................................................7

HC2b Trainen van dieren.................................................................................7

Trial and error leren......................................................................7
Belang leerstrategieën en trainen voor gedragsbiologen.................7
Overige leerprocessen van belang bij trainen.................................7
Extinctie.......................................................................................7
Aangeleerde hulpeloosheid............................................................7
Aspecten waar je rekening mee moet houden met trainen...............8
Stappenplan trainen......................................................................9

HC3 Motivatie.............................................................................................. 10

Wat is motivatie?........................................................................10
Motivationele gedragssystemen...................................................10
Motivationele isolijnen................................................................11
Energiemodel van Lorenz.............................................................12
Homeostase................................................................................12

HC4 Emotie.................................................................................................. 13

Wat is emotie?............................................................................13
Objectief meten van liking en disliking.........................................13
Cocaïne.......................................................................................13
Objectief meten van emoties.......................................................13
Emotiegrafiek Rolls.....................................................................14

HC5 Oriëntatie in tijd en ruimte....................................................................15

Biologische ritmes.......................................................................15
Photo entrainment......................................................................15
Spatial Orientation......................................................................15

HC6 Welzijn.................................................................................................. 16

Wat is er nodig om goed te voelen?..............................................16
Social deprivation.......................................................................16

1

, Concept van dierlijke welzijn........................................................16
Hoe meet je welzijn?....................................................................16

HC7 Natuurlijke selectie en kosten & baten analyse.......................................17

Functie (survival value)...............................................................17
Evolutie......................................................................................17
Kosten en baten analyse..............................................................18
Optimalisatiemodellen.................................................................18
Evolutionary game theorie...........................................................20

HC8 Hormonen............................................................................................. 23

Bekend vs. Onbekend..................................................................23
Oxytocine...................................................................................23
Vasopressine...............................................................................24
Testosteron.................................................................................24
Serotonine..................................................................................24

HC9 Communicatie.......................................................................................25

Echte communicatie....................................................................25
Evolutie van communicatie..........................................................26
Ritualisatie van emotie................................................................26
Ritualisatie van conflict gedrag....................................................26
Sensory exploitation....................................................................27

HC10 Sociale systemen en samenwerking......................................................28

Soorten ‘group living’..................................................................28
Welke selectiedrukken spelen een rol in het ontstaan van socialiteit?
..................................................................................................28
Dominantie.................................................................................28
Samenwerken.............................................................................29

HC11 Seksuele selectie.................................................................................30

Mannelijke en vrouwelijke strategieën..........................................30
Paarsystemen.............................................................................30
Spermacompetitie.......................................................................31
Seksueel conflict.........................................................................32

HC12 Humane Seksuele selectie....................................................................33

Uiterlijke kenmerken van mensen.................................................33
Paarsystemen.............................................................................33
Homoseksueel gedrag.................................................................34

HC 13 Conservation Biology..........................................................................35

Wat is conservation biology?........................................................35
Waarom gedrag (ethologie) cruciaal is voor conservatie................35
Koppeling gedrag en conservatie.................................................35


2

, Kleine populaties en uitstervingsrisico.........................................36
Genetische diversiteit..................................................................36
Gedrag beïnvloedt effectieve populatiegrootte (Ne)......................36
Conservation breeding (ex situ)...................................................37

HC14 Cognitie.............................................................................................. 38

Wat is cognitie?...........................................................................38
Representatie van nummers........................................................38
Sociaal leren...............................................................................38
Theory of mind............................................................................39
Redeneren..................................................................................39
Inzicht........................................................................................39
Evolutie van cognitie...................................................................39

HC15 Sociale evolutie en Kin selectie............................................................40

Kin selectie.................................................................................40
Fitness.......................................................................................40
Kin altruïsme..............................................................................40
Hamilton’s rule...........................................................................40
Voorbeelden kin selectie..............................................................40
Eusocialiteit................................................................................41
Haplodiploïdie.............................................................................41
Conflicten tussen verwanten........................................................41




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