BIO 245 LATEST 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Prokaryotes don't have a ___________ or membrane-bound ___________ -
✔✔Nucleus; organelles
✔✔Two types of prokaryotes - ✔✔Bacteria and Archaea
✔✔All prokaryotes are _________-cell organisms - ✔✔single
✔✔How can Eukaryotic cells be multicellular? - ✔✔They can organize into tissues
✔✔Fungi, plants, protozoa, and animals are all examples of - ✔✔Eukaryotes
✔✔Endosymbiosis - ✔✔symbiosis in which one of the symbiotic organisms lives inside
the other (both prokaryotes)
✔✔Modern Eukaryotes emerged due to _________________ - ✔✔Endosymbiosis
✔✔When did Endosymbiosis occur? - ✔✔2 billion years ago
✔✔When did life emerge? - ✔✔3.8 billion years ago
✔✔Which cellular organelles are suspected to have originated from prokaryotic cells? -
✔✔Mitochondria and chloroplasts
✔✔What is the evidence supporting endosymbiosis? - ✔✔Mitochondria and
chloroplasts have DNA that is an entirely separate entity from out DNA.
✔✔Classification system of organisms - ✔✔Domain, Phylum, Class, Order, Family,
Genus, Species
✔✔What are the three primary concerns of Taxonomy? - ✔✔Classification, naming, and
aiding identification
✔✔Taxonomy - ✔✔The scientific study of how living things are classified
✔✔What is the naming system for organisms today called? - ✔✔Binomial system (2
names_
✔✔What groups does our scientific naming system include? - ✔✔Genus and species
, ✔✔What is the correct format for a scientific name - ✔✔Genus capitalized and species
lowercase, all in italics
✔✔Phylogeny - ✔✔Natural evolutionary relatedness between groups of organisms
✔✔We can use __________________ to create a system of taxonomy - ✔✔Phylogeny
✔✔What does phylogeny mean? - ✔✔To name a tree
✔✔How many kingdoms did Whittaker's system of phylogeny have? - ✔✔Four,
including Moneras
✔✔What are the specifics of Carl Woese's classification system? - ✔✔Domains
introduced, three: bacteria, Eukarya and Archaea
✔✔How was classification determined in Carl Woese's system? - ✔✔DNA sequencing
✔✔Archaea - ✔✔Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not
contain peptidoglycan
✔✔Archaea have unique membrane ___________ - ✔✔lipids
✔✔Archaea are more related to ______________ (Eukaryotes/prokaryotes) -
✔✔Eukaryotes
✔✔Most archaea are - ✔✔Extremophiles
✔✔Archaea are ____________ (prokaryotic/eukaryotic) - ✔✔prokaryotic
✔✔What are some steps used to identify newly isolated enteric bacterium? - ✔✔Gram
reaction, shape of bacteria, aerobe or anaerobic, ferments lactose
✔✔MALDI-TOF - ✔✔matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight
Bacteria Identification method that measures gaseous ions released from an irradiated
sample
✔✔PCR stands for - ✔✔polymerase chain reaction
✔✔What is the polymerase chain reaction - ✔✔Technique used to create many copies
of a DNA segment
✔✔Agarose - ✔✔A polysaccharide obtained from seaweed that is used as the
supporting medium in gel electrophoresis
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Prokaryotes don't have a ___________ or membrane-bound ___________ -
✔✔Nucleus; organelles
✔✔Two types of prokaryotes - ✔✔Bacteria and Archaea
✔✔All prokaryotes are _________-cell organisms - ✔✔single
✔✔How can Eukaryotic cells be multicellular? - ✔✔They can organize into tissues
✔✔Fungi, plants, protozoa, and animals are all examples of - ✔✔Eukaryotes
✔✔Endosymbiosis - ✔✔symbiosis in which one of the symbiotic organisms lives inside
the other (both prokaryotes)
✔✔Modern Eukaryotes emerged due to _________________ - ✔✔Endosymbiosis
✔✔When did Endosymbiosis occur? - ✔✔2 billion years ago
✔✔When did life emerge? - ✔✔3.8 billion years ago
✔✔Which cellular organelles are suspected to have originated from prokaryotic cells? -
✔✔Mitochondria and chloroplasts
✔✔What is the evidence supporting endosymbiosis? - ✔✔Mitochondria and
chloroplasts have DNA that is an entirely separate entity from out DNA.
✔✔Classification system of organisms - ✔✔Domain, Phylum, Class, Order, Family,
Genus, Species
✔✔What are the three primary concerns of Taxonomy? - ✔✔Classification, naming, and
aiding identification
✔✔Taxonomy - ✔✔The scientific study of how living things are classified
✔✔What is the naming system for organisms today called? - ✔✔Binomial system (2
names_
✔✔What groups does our scientific naming system include? - ✔✔Genus and species
, ✔✔What is the correct format for a scientific name - ✔✔Genus capitalized and species
lowercase, all in italics
✔✔Phylogeny - ✔✔Natural evolutionary relatedness between groups of organisms
✔✔We can use __________________ to create a system of taxonomy - ✔✔Phylogeny
✔✔What does phylogeny mean? - ✔✔To name a tree
✔✔How many kingdoms did Whittaker's system of phylogeny have? - ✔✔Four,
including Moneras
✔✔What are the specifics of Carl Woese's classification system? - ✔✔Domains
introduced, three: bacteria, Eukarya and Archaea
✔✔How was classification determined in Carl Woese's system? - ✔✔DNA sequencing
✔✔Archaea - ✔✔Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not
contain peptidoglycan
✔✔Archaea have unique membrane ___________ - ✔✔lipids
✔✔Archaea are more related to ______________ (Eukaryotes/prokaryotes) -
✔✔Eukaryotes
✔✔Most archaea are - ✔✔Extremophiles
✔✔Archaea are ____________ (prokaryotic/eukaryotic) - ✔✔prokaryotic
✔✔What are some steps used to identify newly isolated enteric bacterium? - ✔✔Gram
reaction, shape of bacteria, aerobe or anaerobic, ferments lactose
✔✔MALDI-TOF - ✔✔matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight
Bacteria Identification method that measures gaseous ions released from an irradiated
sample
✔✔PCR stands for - ✔✔polymerase chain reaction
✔✔What is the polymerase chain reaction - ✔✔Technique used to create many copies
of a DNA segment
✔✔Agarose - ✔✔A polysaccharide obtained from seaweed that is used as the
supporting medium in gel electrophoresis
