1/3/26, 5:27 PM NUR 641E Midterm Study Guide (2026) Exam Questions & Answers | Latest Already Graded A+ UPDATE 2025|2026!! Flashcards | …
NUR 641E Midterm Study Guide (2026) Exam
Questions & Answers | Latest Already Graded A+
UPDATE 2025|2026!!
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Terms in this set (106)
Prodrug An inactive drug dosage form that is converted to
an active metabolite by various biochemical
reactions once it is inside the body.
-Cytochrome P450
-Ex. Aspirin, psilocybin, heroin
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Bioavailability the rate at and the extent to which a nutrient is
absorbed and used
-Affected by route of administration and drug
dosage
-Drug clearance (rate drug leaves circulation)
-Steady state concentration
-Affected by chemical stability, solubility, and first
pass
Steady state (of a drug) stable level of drug in the body, occurs in 5 half
lives of the drug
-rate of drug being added to system is equal to
amount being eliminated from system
Pharmacokinetics The process by which drugs are absorbed,
distributed within the body, metabolized, and
excreted.
-what the body does to the drug
First pass the fact that a medication in the GI tract passes
through the liver before entering other organs
does not bioequivalence does/does not affect bioavailability
Bioequivalence relative therapeutic effectiveness of chemically
equivalent drugs.
Bioavailability (is affected by) -chemical instability
-solubility
-first pass metabolism
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Cytochrome P450 -enzymes that function to metabolize potentially
toxic compounds, including drugs and products of
endogenous metabolism such as bilirubin,
principally in the liver.
-genetics influence presence of enzymes
-affects metabolism of warfarin, antidepressants,
antiepileptics, and statins.
-the levels of these drugs are higher when taken
with certain drugs that are inhibitors (ex. warfarin
with omeprazole) because there is competition for
enzyme metabolism.
-inducers lead to decreased plasma concentration
of drug.
cytochrome p450 inducer An inducer increases the metabolism of a substrate
resulting in a decreased level or effect of the
substrate
cytochrome p450 inhibitor An inhibitor decreases the metabolism of a
substrate resulting in an increased level or effect of
the substrate.
Clopidogrel prodrug that must be activated by hepatic
CYP2C19 metabolism; individuals who are poor
metabolizers may not form the active metabolite
and have reduced antiplatelet response
half-life (determines) how often a drug is administered
4-5 steady state is reached in _-_ times the half-life
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NUR 641E Midterm Study Guide (2026) Exam
Questions & Answers | Latest Already Graded A+
UPDATE 2025|2026!!
Save
Practice questions for this set
Learn 1 /7 Study with Learn
Terms in this set (106)
Prodrug An inactive drug dosage form that is converted to
an active metabolite by various biochemical
reactions once it is inside the body.
-Cytochrome P450
-Ex. Aspirin, psilocybin, heroin
https://quizlet.com/1126866236/nur-641e-midterm-study-guide-2026-exam-questions-answers-latest-already-graded-a-update-20252026-flash-cards/ 1/17
,1/3/26, 5:27 PM NUR 641E Midterm Study Guide (2026) Exam Questions & Answers | Latest Already Graded A+ UPDATE 2025|2026!! Flashcards | …
Bioavailability the rate at and the extent to which a nutrient is
absorbed and used
-Affected by route of administration and drug
dosage
-Drug clearance (rate drug leaves circulation)
-Steady state concentration
-Affected by chemical stability, solubility, and first
pass
Steady state (of a drug) stable level of drug in the body, occurs in 5 half
lives of the drug
-rate of drug being added to system is equal to
amount being eliminated from system
Pharmacokinetics The process by which drugs are absorbed,
distributed within the body, metabolized, and
excreted.
-what the body does to the drug
First pass the fact that a medication in the GI tract passes
through the liver before entering other organs
does not bioequivalence does/does not affect bioavailability
Bioequivalence relative therapeutic effectiveness of chemically
equivalent drugs.
Bioavailability (is affected by) -chemical instability
-solubility
-first pass metabolism
https://quizlet.com/1126866236/nur-641e-midterm-study-guide-2026-exam-questions-answers-latest-already-graded-a-update-20252026-flash-cards/ 2/17
, 1/3/26, 5:27 PM NUR 641E Midterm Study Guide (2026) Exam Questions & Answers | Latest Already Graded A+ UPDATE 2025|2026!! Flashcards | …
Cytochrome P450 -enzymes that function to metabolize potentially
toxic compounds, including drugs and products of
endogenous metabolism such as bilirubin,
principally in the liver.
-genetics influence presence of enzymes
-affects metabolism of warfarin, antidepressants,
antiepileptics, and statins.
-the levels of these drugs are higher when taken
with certain drugs that are inhibitors (ex. warfarin
with omeprazole) because there is competition for
enzyme metabolism.
-inducers lead to decreased plasma concentration
of drug.
cytochrome p450 inducer An inducer increases the metabolism of a substrate
resulting in a decreased level or effect of the
substrate
cytochrome p450 inhibitor An inhibitor decreases the metabolism of a
substrate resulting in an increased level or effect of
the substrate.
Clopidogrel prodrug that must be activated by hepatic
CYP2C19 metabolism; individuals who are poor
metabolizers may not form the active metabolite
and have reduced antiplatelet response
half-life (determines) how often a drug is administered
4-5 steady state is reached in _-_ times the half-life
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