BCCCP UPDATED EXAM SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Critical care pharmacist
Fundamental services - ✔✔i. Distributive
ii. Order entry/verification duties
iii. Policy change - Tech-check-tech
✔✔Critical care pharmacist
Desirable services - ✔✔i. Clinical
(a) Provide formal nutrition consultation.
(b) Respond to resuscitation events.
Practice Administration and Development: Protocol Development and Quality
Assurance
ACCP Updates in Therapeutics® 2015: Critical Care Pharmacy Preparatory Review
Course
2-201
ii. Educational
(a) Provide didactic lectures to health care professionals, students, residents, and
fellows in
critical care pharmacology and therapeutics.
(b) Train pharmacy residents, students, and fellows through experiential critical care
rotations.
iii. Administrative
(a) Develop and implement ICU policies and protocols.
(b) Evaluate the economic impact on services provided in the ICU.
iv. Scholarly
(a) Perform research - Collect data, establish study design, perform data
✔✔Critical care pharmacist
Optimal services - ✔✔Integrated, specialized, and dedicated model of direct patient
care functions
aimed to optimize outcomes
i. Clinical: Assist physicians or providers with pharmacy and therapeutics to aid in
decisionmaking
regarding treatment options.
ii. Educational
(a) Coordinate or direct residency or fellowship programs.
(b) Teach advanced cardiac life support.
(c) Implement training programs for personnel working in the ICU.
iii. Administrative: Design new pharmacy programs for the ICU.
iv. Scholarly
(a) Perform clinical research.
(b) Disseminate the results of clinical research, outcomes data
(c) Perform laboratory analysis.
, ✔✔The Belmont report - ✔✔Outlines the fundamental ethical principles for the conduct
of clinical research
1. Respect for individuals dictates that each research participant be treated with respect
for his or her
dignity and autonomy. As such, informed consent shall be obtained from research
participants or their
surrogates.
2. The principle of justice requires that investigators recruit research subjects in a
manner that allows
equal access to participation for all populations that may potentially benefit from the
research endeavor.
3. Beneficence requires research investigators to ensure that risks are minimized and
benefits maximized
for research participants.
✔✔Equipoise - ✔✔Must be present for the conduct of a clinical trial. Equipoise is
defined as the state of
uncertainty between treatments A and B for a given population of subjects with a
predefined disease and/or
syndrome. Once the balance of uncertainty between treatments A and B is disturbed
such that one treatment
is believed to be superior, the risk-benefit ratio is altered such that treatment may not be
beneficial to the
individual research subject.
✔✔Waiver of informed consent - ✔✔Waiver of informed consent is typically granted for
any of the following circumstances:
a. Research that is deemed of minimal risk to the participant, does not adversely affect
the welfare of
the subject, and could not otherwise be practicably carried out.
b. Research that is carried out to evaluate public benefits or service programs.
c. Research in emergency settings where consent would be impractical to obtain. An
example is a
study testing the hypothesis of whether drug A is non-inferior to drug B for the treatment
of status
epilepticus (N Engl J Med 2012;366:591-600).
✔✔Case-control studies - ✔✔Case-control
i. Retrospective design
(a) Provides an efficient means to determine the association between the risk factor and
the
outcome of interest
(b) Two groups (with and without the outcome) are compared to identify the differences
and
risk factors for developing the outcome of interest
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Critical care pharmacist
Fundamental services - ✔✔i. Distributive
ii. Order entry/verification duties
iii. Policy change - Tech-check-tech
✔✔Critical care pharmacist
Desirable services - ✔✔i. Clinical
(a) Provide formal nutrition consultation.
(b) Respond to resuscitation events.
Practice Administration and Development: Protocol Development and Quality
Assurance
ACCP Updates in Therapeutics® 2015: Critical Care Pharmacy Preparatory Review
Course
2-201
ii. Educational
(a) Provide didactic lectures to health care professionals, students, residents, and
fellows in
critical care pharmacology and therapeutics.
(b) Train pharmacy residents, students, and fellows through experiential critical care
rotations.
iii. Administrative
(a) Develop and implement ICU policies and protocols.
(b) Evaluate the economic impact on services provided in the ICU.
iv. Scholarly
(a) Perform research - Collect data, establish study design, perform data
✔✔Critical care pharmacist
Optimal services - ✔✔Integrated, specialized, and dedicated model of direct patient
care functions
aimed to optimize outcomes
i. Clinical: Assist physicians or providers with pharmacy and therapeutics to aid in
decisionmaking
regarding treatment options.
ii. Educational
(a) Coordinate or direct residency or fellowship programs.
(b) Teach advanced cardiac life support.
(c) Implement training programs for personnel working in the ICU.
iii. Administrative: Design new pharmacy programs for the ICU.
iv. Scholarly
(a) Perform clinical research.
(b) Disseminate the results of clinical research, outcomes data
(c) Perform laboratory analysis.
, ✔✔The Belmont report - ✔✔Outlines the fundamental ethical principles for the conduct
of clinical research
1. Respect for individuals dictates that each research participant be treated with respect
for his or her
dignity and autonomy. As such, informed consent shall be obtained from research
participants or their
surrogates.
2. The principle of justice requires that investigators recruit research subjects in a
manner that allows
equal access to participation for all populations that may potentially benefit from the
research endeavor.
3. Beneficence requires research investigators to ensure that risks are minimized and
benefits maximized
for research participants.
✔✔Equipoise - ✔✔Must be present for the conduct of a clinical trial. Equipoise is
defined as the state of
uncertainty between treatments A and B for a given population of subjects with a
predefined disease and/or
syndrome. Once the balance of uncertainty between treatments A and B is disturbed
such that one treatment
is believed to be superior, the risk-benefit ratio is altered such that treatment may not be
beneficial to the
individual research subject.
✔✔Waiver of informed consent - ✔✔Waiver of informed consent is typically granted for
any of the following circumstances:
a. Research that is deemed of minimal risk to the participant, does not adversely affect
the welfare of
the subject, and could not otherwise be practicably carried out.
b. Research that is carried out to evaluate public benefits or service programs.
c. Research in emergency settings where consent would be impractical to obtain. An
example is a
study testing the hypothesis of whether drug A is non-inferior to drug B for the treatment
of status
epilepticus (N Engl J Med 2012;366:591-600).
✔✔Case-control studies - ✔✔Case-control
i. Retrospective design
(a) Provides an efficient means to determine the association between the risk factor and
the
outcome of interest
(b) Two groups (with and without the outcome) are compared to identify the differences
and
risk factors for developing the outcome of interest
