,
,Contents
Chapter 1 Speaking of Statistics .................................................................................. 1
Chapter 2 Measurement in Statistics .......................................................................... 13
Chapter 3 Visual Displays of Data ............................................................................. 21
Chapter 4 Describing Data......................................................................................... 44
Chapter 5 A Normal World ....................................................................................... 63
Chapter 6 Probability in Statistics .............................................................................. 71
Chapter 7 Correlation and Causality .......................................................................... 83
Chapter 8 Inferences from Samples to Populations .................................................. 100
Chapter 9 Hypothesis Testing .................................................................................. 108
Chapter 10 t Tests, Two-Way Tables, and ANOVA ................................................. 123
Answers ...................................................................................................................... 135
iii
, Statistical Reasoning for Everyday Life
Chapter 1 (Speaking of Statistics) Exam, form A
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or
answers the question.
For problems 1 and 2, determine whether the evaluated group is a population or a sample.
1) The average (mean) age of all 63 Associate Professors at Cliffton University is 47 years.
A) Population B) Sample
2) A researcher examines the property tax records of 84 property owners in one city and finds that 17
% are behind in their tax payments.
A) Population B) Sample
For problems 3 and 4, determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter.
3) The average (mean) age of all 63 Associate Professors at Cliffton University is 47 years.
A) Statistic B) Parameter
4) A researcher examines the property tax records of 84 property owners in one city and finds that 17
% are behind in their tax payments.
A) Statistic B) Parameter
5) Following the Republican National Convention, a poll of 600 voters in a central Illinois community
showed that 57% expected the Republican ticket to win over the Democrat ticket no matter whom t
he Democrats chose for vice-
president. The margin of error was 4 percentage points. There are 25,000 registered voters in the c
ommunity. Which range of values is likely to contain the population parameter?
A) 13,250 to 15,250 B) 24,400 to 25,600
C) 318 to 366 D) 53% to 61%
6) A poll of 488 citizens of Normal, Illinois, showed that 65% favored strict enforcement of speed limit
s with a margin fiof error of 4%. A second poll of 495 citizens of the samefitown showed that 34% favo
red strict enforcement of speed limits. Assuming that proper fisampling techniques were used in both fi
polls, one may conclude that
A) the percent of the population that favors strict enforcement of speedfilimits is 49.5% 8%.
B) the percent of the population that favors strict enforcement of speedfilimits is 49.5% 4%.
C) one or bothfiof the samples may have been unlikelyfisamples from the population.
D) the percent of the population that favors strict enforcement of speedfilimits is 65% 8%.
7) A poll of 700 attendees of the Taste of Chicago showed that 445 attendees, 65% fiof the sample, beli
eved that the food was overpriced. It is estimated that 1,250,000 people attend the Taste. Although 6
5% plus orfiminus 5% of attendees believe that the food is overpriced, the Taste is a popular event.
The raw data of the study is (are)
A) 65% of the sample.
B) 700 attendees, 455 attendees.
C) 1,250,000 attendees, 700 attendees, 455 attendees.
D) (60%, 70%)
8) A student wanted to know the favorite lunch at a large high school with a closed campus. What is t
he first step in conducting a statistical study to answer the question?
A) Select a random sample of students.
B) Precisely state the goal of the study.
C) Select a randomfisample of students and teachers.
D) Select a random sample of teachers.
1
.
,Contents
Chapter 1 Speaking of Statistics .................................................................................. 1
Chapter 2 Measurement in Statistics .......................................................................... 13
Chapter 3 Visual Displays of Data ............................................................................. 21
Chapter 4 Describing Data......................................................................................... 44
Chapter 5 A Normal World ....................................................................................... 63
Chapter 6 Probability in Statistics .............................................................................. 71
Chapter 7 Correlation and Causality .......................................................................... 83
Chapter 8 Inferences from Samples to Populations .................................................. 100
Chapter 9 Hypothesis Testing .................................................................................. 108
Chapter 10 t Tests, Two-Way Tables, and ANOVA ................................................. 123
Answers ...................................................................................................................... 135
iii
, Statistical Reasoning for Everyday Life
Chapter 1 (Speaking of Statistics) Exam, form A
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or
answers the question.
For problems 1 and 2, determine whether the evaluated group is a population or a sample.
1) The average (mean) age of all 63 Associate Professors at Cliffton University is 47 years.
A) Population B) Sample
2) A researcher examines the property tax records of 84 property owners in one city and finds that 17
% are behind in their tax payments.
A) Population B) Sample
For problems 3 and 4, determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter.
3) The average (mean) age of all 63 Associate Professors at Cliffton University is 47 years.
A) Statistic B) Parameter
4) A researcher examines the property tax records of 84 property owners in one city and finds that 17
% are behind in their tax payments.
A) Statistic B) Parameter
5) Following the Republican National Convention, a poll of 600 voters in a central Illinois community
showed that 57% expected the Republican ticket to win over the Democrat ticket no matter whom t
he Democrats chose for vice-
president. The margin of error was 4 percentage points. There are 25,000 registered voters in the c
ommunity. Which range of values is likely to contain the population parameter?
A) 13,250 to 15,250 B) 24,400 to 25,600
C) 318 to 366 D) 53% to 61%
6) A poll of 488 citizens of Normal, Illinois, showed that 65% favored strict enforcement of speed limit
s with a margin fiof error of 4%. A second poll of 495 citizens of the samefitown showed that 34% favo
red strict enforcement of speed limits. Assuming that proper fisampling techniques were used in both fi
polls, one may conclude that
A) the percent of the population that favors strict enforcement of speedfilimits is 49.5% 8%.
B) the percent of the population that favors strict enforcement of speedfilimits is 49.5% 4%.
C) one or bothfiof the samples may have been unlikelyfisamples from the population.
D) the percent of the population that favors strict enforcement of speedfilimits is 65% 8%.
7) A poll of 700 attendees of the Taste of Chicago showed that 445 attendees, 65% fiof the sample, beli
eved that the food was overpriced. It is estimated that 1,250,000 people attend the Taste. Although 6
5% plus orfiminus 5% of attendees believe that the food is overpriced, the Taste is a popular event.
The raw data of the study is (are)
A) 65% of the sample.
B) 700 attendees, 455 attendees.
C) 1,250,000 attendees, 700 attendees, 455 attendees.
D) (60%, 70%)
8) A student wanted to know the favorite lunch at a large high school with a closed campus. What is t
he first step in conducting a statistical study to answer the question?
A) Select a random sample of students.
B) Precisely state the goal of the study.
C) Select a randomfisample of students and teachers.
D) Select a random sample of teachers.
1
.
