BIO 143 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Skeletal Muscle tissue - ✔✔Identify: nucleus and striations; Voluntary muscle;
Function: Motion/protection; Location: Attached to bones by tendons
✔✔Cardiac Muscle tissue - ✔✔Identify: intercalated disc, nuclei, striation; Involuntary
muscle; Function: Pumps blood; Location: Heart walls
✔✔Smooth muscle - ✔✔Identify: nucleus; Involuntary muscle; Function: Contraction
and constriction; Location: Stomach/uterus
✔✔Anatomical Position - ✔✔The body is upright, directly facing the observer, feet flat
and directed forward, the upper limbs are at the body's sides with the palms facing
forward.
✔✔Anterior - ✔✔front
✔✔Posterior - ✔✔back
✔✔Ventral - ✔✔belly
✔✔Dorsal - ✔✔back
✔✔Lateral - ✔✔away from midline
✔✔Medial - ✔✔toward midline
✔✔Proximal - ✔✔toward end of appendage nearest the body
✔✔Distal - ✔✔toward end of appendage farthest from the body
✔✔Cranial / Superior - ✔✔toward head
✔✔Mandible - ✔✔lower jaw
✔✔Maxillae - ✔✔upper jaw
✔✔Cervical - ✔✔Neck (7)
✔✔Thoracic - ✔✔Chest (12)
✔✔Lumbar - ✔✔lower back (5)
, ✔✔Sacral - ✔✔hip / large triangular bone at base of the spine (sacrum fused from 5
sacral vertebrae)
✔✔Caudal - ✔✔tail (1 coccyx which is a fusion of 4 coccygeal vertebrae)
✔✔Sternum - ✔✔breastbone
✔✔Clavicle - ✔✔collar bone
✔✔Scapula - ✔✔shoulder bone
✔✔Humerus - ✔✔upper arm bone
✔✔Radius - ✔✔bone located on the lateral side of the forearm, parallel to Ulna
✔✔Ulna - ✔✔bone located on the medial side of the forearm, parallel to Radius
✔✔Femur - ✔✔upper leg bone
✔✔Patella - ✔✔kneecap
✔✔Tibia - ✔✔lower leg bone on medial side (larger bone)
✔✔Fibula - ✔✔lower leg bone on lateral side (smaller bone)
✔✔Calcaneus - ✔✔heel (one of the tarsal bones)
✔✔Visceral Peritoneum - ✔✔thin, shiny membrane that covers the internal organs of
the abdominal cavity
✔✔Mesenteries - ✔✔folds of the visceral peritoneum that attach the small intestine and
colon to the posterior abdominal wall
✔✔Liver - ✔✔produces bile
✔✔Stomach - ✔✔grinds up and digests food
✔✔Esophagus - ✔✔passes through diaphragm to empty food into stomach
✔✔Small Intestine - ✔✔where most digestion and ingestion occur
✔✔Large Intestine (colon) - ✔✔shorter and wider than small intestine
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Skeletal Muscle tissue - ✔✔Identify: nucleus and striations; Voluntary muscle;
Function: Motion/protection; Location: Attached to bones by tendons
✔✔Cardiac Muscle tissue - ✔✔Identify: intercalated disc, nuclei, striation; Involuntary
muscle; Function: Pumps blood; Location: Heart walls
✔✔Smooth muscle - ✔✔Identify: nucleus; Involuntary muscle; Function: Contraction
and constriction; Location: Stomach/uterus
✔✔Anatomical Position - ✔✔The body is upright, directly facing the observer, feet flat
and directed forward, the upper limbs are at the body's sides with the palms facing
forward.
✔✔Anterior - ✔✔front
✔✔Posterior - ✔✔back
✔✔Ventral - ✔✔belly
✔✔Dorsal - ✔✔back
✔✔Lateral - ✔✔away from midline
✔✔Medial - ✔✔toward midline
✔✔Proximal - ✔✔toward end of appendage nearest the body
✔✔Distal - ✔✔toward end of appendage farthest from the body
✔✔Cranial / Superior - ✔✔toward head
✔✔Mandible - ✔✔lower jaw
✔✔Maxillae - ✔✔upper jaw
✔✔Cervical - ✔✔Neck (7)
✔✔Thoracic - ✔✔Chest (12)
✔✔Lumbar - ✔✔lower back (5)
, ✔✔Sacral - ✔✔hip / large triangular bone at base of the spine (sacrum fused from 5
sacral vertebrae)
✔✔Caudal - ✔✔tail (1 coccyx which is a fusion of 4 coccygeal vertebrae)
✔✔Sternum - ✔✔breastbone
✔✔Clavicle - ✔✔collar bone
✔✔Scapula - ✔✔shoulder bone
✔✔Humerus - ✔✔upper arm bone
✔✔Radius - ✔✔bone located on the lateral side of the forearm, parallel to Ulna
✔✔Ulna - ✔✔bone located on the medial side of the forearm, parallel to Radius
✔✔Femur - ✔✔upper leg bone
✔✔Patella - ✔✔kneecap
✔✔Tibia - ✔✔lower leg bone on medial side (larger bone)
✔✔Fibula - ✔✔lower leg bone on lateral side (smaller bone)
✔✔Calcaneus - ✔✔heel (one of the tarsal bones)
✔✔Visceral Peritoneum - ✔✔thin, shiny membrane that covers the internal organs of
the abdominal cavity
✔✔Mesenteries - ✔✔folds of the visceral peritoneum that attach the small intestine and
colon to the posterior abdominal wall
✔✔Liver - ✔✔produces bile
✔✔Stomach - ✔✔grinds up and digests food
✔✔Esophagus - ✔✔passes through diaphragm to empty food into stomach
✔✔Small Intestine - ✔✔where most digestion and ingestion occur
✔✔Large Intestine (colon) - ✔✔shorter and wider than small intestine
